黑龙江省暴雨台风事件气候特征分析

把北上台风影响黑龙江省且造成暴雨的天气过程定义为一个暴雨台风事件，根据影响的强度及方式分为3种类型：热带气旋型、变性型和水汽型。利用1981—2020年CMA最佳数据集和黑龙江省84个国家观测站常规观测资料进行分析，黑龙江省暴雨台风事件共有29个，均出现在7—9月，8月最多，9月最少。多数台风都在35°N以北登陆，其中在朝鲜半岛附近向东北移动入日本海的路径最多，由朝鲜半岛或者辽宁进入东北地区的路径次之。对比各类型发现，热带气旋型在暴雨站次、平均雨量等暴雨特征方面表现最强，变性型次之。研究中发现，暴雨台风事件具有明显的年代际特征，1995—2011年为弱影响期，1981—1994年和2012—2020年为2个强影响期，后一个强影响期中暴雨台风事件明显增多，年内时间跨度更大，暴雨站次、平均雨量等暴雨特征值更大，热带气旋型和变性型的影响系统更强，但路径差异不大。

Analysis of the Climatic Characteristics of Typhoons rainstorm events in Heilongjiang

The climatic characteristics of 31 typhoon cases directly related to heavy rainfalls in Heilongjiang during the 40 years between 1981 and 2020 are analyzed in this paper. The results show that these typhoons have obvious interdecadal changes. There are more typhoons that directly affected heavy rainfall in Heilongjiang before 1994 and after 2011. They are all occurred from July to September, with the most in August and the least in September. Among them, there are 12 cases that typhoon (circulation) centers enter Heilongjiang and 4 of them are tropical systems. 17 typhoons cases cause heavy rainfalls at more than 10 stations, and the number of stations with heavy rain caused by one of them is up to 41. These typhoons land most from the Korean Peninsula, with 25 cases. There are 17 typhoons that land more than twice. There are 6 cases that land in the Russian Far East, all of which land twice. In addition, these typhoons show certain extremes after 2011. Among them, there are 3 typhoon-affected events for 3 consecutive years from 2018 to 2020, accounting for 60% of the annual average of 3 typhoon-affected events. The earliest and the latest typhoon-affected heavy rainfalls all occurred after 2011. The typhoon that causes the most heavy rainfall stations and the largest number of heavy rainfall stations in a single day also appeared in this period.