Analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics of waves in the Indian Ocean based on ERA-40 wave reanalysis |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Meteorology and Oceanography, People''s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, China;2. National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;3. Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, 45750, Islamabad, Pakistan;2. Department of Engineering, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, NG11 8NS, Nottingham, UK;1. University of Rome “Sapienza”, Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Rome, Italy;2. University of L’Aquila, Department of Civil, Construction-Architectural and Environmental Engineering (DICEAA), Environmental and Maritime Hydraulic Laboratory (LIAM), L’Aquila, Italy;3. “Roma Tre” University, Department of Engineering, Rome, Italy;1. Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal;2. School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the 45-year (09/1957-08/2008) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA-40) wave reanalysis dataset, this study analyzes interannual and interdecadal variabilities and intraseasonal oscillations of sea surface wind speed (WS), wind sea wave height (Hw), swell wave height (Hs) and significant wave height (Hs) in the Roaring Forties and tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, to determine swell propagation characteristics. The results show: (1) monthly variabilities of Hs in the Roaring Forties are in good agreement with those in tropical waters of the Indian Ocean; swell plays a dominant role in mixed waves throughout most of the Indian Ocean; and WS, Hw, Hs, and Hs exhibit a significant increasing trend over the 45-year study period. (2) Hs in the Roaring Forties and tropical waters of the Indian Ocean share a common period of 9.8–10.4 years on an interdecadal scale; and WS and Hs in the Roaring Forties and Hs in the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean share a common period of approximately 8 days (weekly oscillation) on an intraseasonal scale. (3) Swell of the Roaring Forties needs approximately 30 h to fully respond to the wind in this region. Approximately 84 h are required for Hs to propagate from the Roaring Forties to the tropical waters of the south Indian Ocean, while it takes approximately 132–138 h for Hs to propagate from the Roaring Forties to the tropical waters of the north Indian Ocean. |
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| Keywords: | Indian ocean Swell Interannual variability Interdecadal variability Intraseasonal oscillation Propagation |
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