海洋污损生物藤壶生长过程及附着强度研究

研究海洋污损生物藤壶（Barnacle）不同生长阶段附着强度，可为科学制定藤壶清除规范及设计相关机械设备提供依据。本文采用浸泡法在湛江调顺岛（21°31''N，110°41''E）实海中挂板，结合形貌观察藤壶生长过程，利用自行设计的剪切强度测试装置，选取网纹藤壶测试不同生长阶段剪切强度。结果表明：试板浸泡10 d，幼体藤壶开始附着；30 d试板表面藤壶覆盖面积约占30%，基底直径1~6 mm，部分藤壶死亡形成空壳；60 d试板约50%面积被藤壶覆盖，试板表面有覆膜，空壳现象加剧，藤壶基底直径最大达10 mm；90 d试板约95%面积被藤壶覆盖，出现藤壶相叠现象，基底直径1~13 mm。藤壶附着生长过程中，剪切强度变化符合“快-慢”的特点，以藤壶基底直径为变量，构建藤壶剪切强度Logistic增长模型，决定系数R²=0.99，说明模型拟合良好。利用构建的Logistic增长模型将藤壶剪切强度划分为速增期（基底直径4.0~6.4 mm），缓增期（基底直径6.4~8.7 mm）及渐停期（基底直径>8.7 mm）3个阶段。结合藤壶附着生长过程，藤壶在附着后采用机械方式清除的最佳清除时期在速增期。

Study on the growth process and attachment strength of marine-fouling barnacles

Studying the adhesion strength of marine-fouling barnacles in different growth cycles can provide a basis for scientifically formulating barnacle removal specifications and designing related mechanical equipment. In this study, the growth process of barnacles was observed through barnacle immersion in a sea on Diaoshun island (21°31''N, 110°41''E) in Zhanjiang, and the shear strength of the barnacles at different growth periods was measured using a self-designed shear test device. The results showed that the barnacle larvae began to attach to the surface of the sample after 10 d of immersion. Barnacles covered ~30% of the sample surface on day 30, and the barnacle diameter was approximately 1-6 mm, and some barnacles died to form empty shells. On day 60,~50% of the sample surface was covered with barnacles, and the surface was covered with a film, which aggravated the formation of empty shells, and the largest barnacle diameter was 10 mm. Approximately 95% of the 90 d sample was covered with barnacles, which overlapped to reach a diameter of 1-13 mm. During the barnacle attachment process, the barnacle shear strength first rapidly increased and then slowly increased with time. A logistic growth model of barnacle shear strength change with the barnacle diameter was established, with the determination coefficient R²=0.99, which indicates that the model fits well. According to the logistic growth model, the change in barnacle shear strength can be divided into three stages:a rapid growth stage (base diameter 4.0-6.4 mm), slow growth stage (base diameter 6.4-8.7 mm), and gradual stop stage (base diameter>8.7 mm). The best period of the mechanical removal of attached barnacles was the rapid increase period.