海水淡化工程对环境的影响及其应对

为促进我国海水淡化产业的可持续发展,文章分析海水淡化工程对环境的影响,重点分析浓海水对海洋生态环境的影响,并提出应对措施。研究结果表明:海水淡化工程在能耗、排污、用地、取水和噪音等方面对环境产生影响,尤其是海水淡化产生的浓海水,在温度、盐度、有机物和营养盐、重金属、酸度、余氯、溶解氧以及机械卷载效应等方面严重影响海洋生态环境和海洋生物,亟须高度关注和深入研究;随着我国海水淡化产能的增加,应完善海水淡化技术、优化浓海水排放和加快浓海水综合利用,同时健全相关法律法规和标准规范。

The Environmental Impact and Countermeasures of Seawater Desalination

In order to promote the sustainable development of desalination industry,the paper analyzed the impact of seawater desalination plant on the environment,especially the impact of concentrated seawater on the marine ecological environment.The countermeasures were put forward,accordingly.The results showed the seawater desalination plant impacting the environment by its energy consumption,sewage,land use,water intake and noise,especially by its byproduct of concentrated seawater,which endangered the marine ecological environment and marine organism on temperature,salinity,organic matter and nutrients,heavy metals,acidity,and Chlorine,dissolved oxygen and mechanical coiling effects.In China,with the increasing capacity of seawater desalination,enough attention and intensive studies should be focused on seawater desalination,the technology of seawater desalination should be improved,the seawater discharge should be optimized and the comprehensive utilization of concentration seawater should be accelerated when the relevant laws,regulations and standards are further strengthened.