星载GPS数据及高精度轨道模型在极轨卫星轨道计算中的应用

利用GPS测量的卫星位置数据, 计算出卫星的瞬时位置和速度, 并以此为初值, 用基于数值积分的高精度轨道模型对卫星轨道进行预报。将这种方法分别用于Terra/MODIS和Aqua/MODIS的轨道计算, 并与GPS测量的卫星轨道进行比较。结果表明:由此方法计算出的卫星在某一时刻瞬时速度矢量与GPS测量的卫星速度偏差不超过±0.1 m/s; 再以此为初值计算卫星位置和速度, 与GPS测量值进行比较, 在Terra/MODIS和Aqua/MODIS一条时长约10 min的轨道数据中卫星位置偏差不超过±40 m, 速度偏差不超过±0.2 m/s。因此该方法基本适用于FY-3卫星轨道计算, 且根据数值方法计算结果的连续稳定性, 还可以用于检验GPS测量数据的可靠性。

Application of On board GPS Data and High precision Orbit Model to Polar Satellites Orbits Calculation

A high precision orbit model based on numerical integration is introduced. Satellite's instantaneous position and velocity are derived from the position data measured by on-board GPS receiver, and then they are used as initial value to predict the orbit by high precision numerical integration. The six orbital elements which are used to describe the motion of satellite can be transformed to the satellite's position and velocity, and vice versa. The satellite's instantaneous orbital elements at time t₁ can be calculated from satellite's two position vectors and at time t₂ and t₂ respectively, then the satellite's instantaneous position and velocity at time t₂ can be obtained. There are many perturbing terms that have been considered in the satellite's high precision orbit model, including the aspherical gravitations of the earth, the perturbations that arise from the gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon, the solar radiation pressure and the atmospheric drag. The earth gravity model that is used is the EGM-96 model of degree and order of 360. Numerical methods are used to solve the equation of the satellite's motion. The variable order and stepsize method DE/DEABM are used for the numerical integration.This new method are applied to Terra/Aqua-MODIS satellite's orbit calculation. Satellite Terra's position vectors r₁ at time t₁ and r₂ at time t₂ are used to compute the instantaneous velocity vector. The result shows that the departure between the calculated observation and the GPS measurement is very small with the error of instantaneous speed less than±0.1 m/s. Then they are used as initial input to predict one of Terra/MODIS' further 10-minute orbit by applying the high precision orbit model. It shows that the satellite's position and velocity vectors and range which are predicted by this method are all consistent with the measurements by GPS. The following results are gained that the position error is between-20 m and +5 m, the velocity error is less than±0.2 m/s. The same method are used to compute Aqua/MODIS' orbit. The Aqua's position vectors error between the predictions from high precision orbit model and the GPS measurements is less than 40 m, the error of predicted velocity vectors is less than±0.4 m/s.Because of the high precision and the continuous stability in certain time, the high precision orbit model based on numerical integration can be used to verify the reliability of GPS measurement results if the initial input is correct, and substitute the wrong GPS measurement value. Further more, the new method is suitable for FY-3 satellite's orbit computation.