自然保护区生态旅游与可持续发展--以哈纳斯自然保护区为例

概括了自然保护区、生态旅游与可持续旅游的要领及衡量标准，提出了自然保护区旅游开发普遍存在的问题。对哈纳斯自然保护区进行了旅游环境质量评价并提出保护措施，对旅游区生态环境容量进行了估算并提出了相应的保护措施，阐述了自然保护区旅游开发的经济有效性、经济运行机制的生态化和环境管理的法制化的强持续发展的保证因素。

Study on Eco-tourism and Sustainable Development in Nature Reserve--A Case of Khanas Nature Reserve

Nature reserve usually locates in remote backward areas. Tourism development not only can drive de-velopment of economy but also lead to heavy environmental pressure to nature reserve. Unwell development canmake nature reserve crushing destruction. Khanas locates in Burgin county of Altay, Xinjiang. Tourism is limit-ed in southern buffer of reserve, with area of 35 km2. Khanas Lake and Khanas River valley landscape is theessence of Khanas tourism resources, which is one of the few districts with the most beautiful landscape and thebest preserve in Xinjiang. Experts at home and abroad pay close attention to Khanas for its science and tourismvalue. This paper appraises Khanas atmosphere quality and source water quality, the result is the eco-environ-ment of Khanas is good. Based on three estimating principles (principle of protection, patience degree, and sat-isfaction), two methods (route method, area calculating method) are used to estimate environment capacity.The final result is that the total environmental capacity is 350,000 person-time, and the totals will add if wintertourism is carried out. Through above analysis, some eco-environment protection measures of Khanas nature re-serve have been put forward: (1) Protection is as important as value increase. Abiding by the principle of pro-tection, development and use, appropriate development can be in progress within the scope eco-environment canendure. (2) Protection should be classified. The first grade reserve is core area, which only can be used by sci-enctifical research, but ordinary tourists and pollution material should be forbiddened. The second grade is bufferof reserve, it is also the essence of tourism resource, nature landscape and primitive human landscape should beprotected strictly. The third grade is the outer-ring, which goal is to control industry pollution and beatify land-scape. (3) Creature resource should be protected. It includes protection of natural forest, prevention from fireand insect pest, prevention of excessive herds in grassland, protection of rare animals. (4) To prevent and curetourism pollution is needed. Measures can be taken to decrease atmosphere and water pollution caused by tourismto small degree. Garbage should be classified and disposed. (5) Constructive destruction should be prevented.Life base must consider effectively effects and construction in scenery area should be kept in perfect hewmony(6) To protect human landscape is very important, Such as protecting primitive village, nationality customsetc.