几种乳腺疾病矿化特征初步研究

利用光学显微镜、环境扫描电子显微镜（ESEM）及红外光谱对乳腺恶性肿瘤、乳腺良性肿瘤、乳腺增生症和乳腺炎 症四类医学病理诊断中常见并且矿化多发的乳腺疾病进行了矿化灶特征研究。通过对不同类型乳腺矿化形成位置、结构以 及钙化性状的综合比较表明，乳腺浸润性癌和原位癌中导管内陈旧性坏死易发生矿化；在乳腺纤维腺瘤中胶原纤维上会形 成大量类似砂粒体的矿化小体；乳腺增生症中矿化灶位于粗大的胶原纤维之间，胶原纤维上沉淀大量矿化小球，矿化灶内 部呈纤维状结构，束状构造，能谱测试结果显示部分钙化灶Ca/P（原子分数）比高于磷酸钙系列矿物的理论比值，说明存 在磷酸钙以外的其他钙盐，如草酸钙沉积；脂肪坏死组织中的矿化灶无特殊发生位置，矿化灶内部呈粗纤维结构。不同类 型乳腺疾病中矿化灶形态存在较大差异。胶原纤维、上皮细胞与矿化作用的发生密切相关。

Characteristics of Mineralized Focuses in Several Breast Diseases

Mineralization  characteristics  of mineralized  focuses  in malignant breast  tumor, benign breast  tumor, breast hyperplasia and mastitis frequently accompanied by calcification were investigated using optical microscope, environmental scan electron microscope  (ESEM) and micro-FTIR  (Fourier  transform  infrared spectroscopy). The results  indicate  that morphology of mineralization in different types of breast diseases are quite different. Collagen fibers and epithelial cells are closely related to the mineralization. The calcification is incident to breast invasive carcinoma and breast carcinoma in situ on the old necroses in ducts. Many calcified nano-bodies resembling psammoma body are formed on the collagen fibers in breast fibroadnoma. The mineralized focuses with fibrous texture and sheaf structure occur between the collagen fibers in breast hyperplasia, on which many calcified nano-balls are deposited. EDAX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis) results show that there may exist other calcium mineral (such as calcium oxalate) deposition than calcium phosphates in breast hyperplasia. The calcified focuses with thick fibrous texture have no special occurring positions in tissue of fat necrosis.