中国近海捻螺科(后鳃类)的研究

捻螺科(Acteonidae = Pupidae)是一群有壳后鳃类软体动物。它们的侧脏神经索在发育过程中没有象其它后鳃类那样再经过逆转，仍然保持着不对称而互相交叉呈“8”形；它们具有螺旋形的外壳，身体能完全缩入壳内，具有角质厣。这些都表明它们在演化上仍保留着前鳃类的特征，所以是一群原始类型的后鳃类。这科动物在潮间带与潮下带浅水区，直至水深数百米的泥砂质海底营底栖生活。由于它们具有较坚固的贝壳，所以在海底沉积物及地层化石中也常见到。它们广泛分布于世界各海域，尤其在印度－太平洋区种类较多。它们大多是暖水性种，有些既是化石种又是现生种。在我国已报道5属，共14种, 在报道过的14种中有2种——Acteon secale, A. mariae 我们尚未找到标本。本文根据中国科学院海洋研究所历年来在我国沿海潮间带调查采集、潮下带底栖生物调查及东海地质取样中所获得的标本，选行整理鉴定，共有20种，分隶于5属；其中有2新种，6个新记录。在这些种类中，有5种分布于印度－太平洋区：坚固蛹螺 Pupa solidula，纵沟蛹螺 P. sulcata，红斑蛹螺 P. coccinata，火焰斑捻螺 Punctacteon flammeus，线红纹螺 Bullina lineata；其余的种均为西太平洋种。同日本共有的种为14种，其中5种是日本－中国特有种：卵圆捻螺 Acteon teramachii，吉良斑捻螺 A. kirai，希氏捻螺 A siebaldii ，宽带斑捻螺 Punctacteon kajiyamai，华贵红纹螺 Bullina nabilis。在这些种类中，仅黑纹斑捻螺可向北分布到黄海、渤海。可见我国的这科动物为暖水性种，在区系上与日本南部关系极为密切。

A STUDY ON ACTEONIDAE (OPISTHOBRANCHIA) FROM CHINA COAST

The present study is based on the collections made by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, along the China coast, during the period from 1955-1975.There are 20 species belonging to 5 genera of Acteonidae. Among these, 2 species are regarded as new to science and 6 species are recorded for the first time from the China coast.One species: Pupa strigosa (Gould) has been known as fossil and recent species in the world.Five species: Pupa solidula (Linnaeus), P. sulcata (Gmelin), P. coccinata (Reeve), Punctacteon flammeus (Gmelin), Bullina lineata (Gray) are found in Indo-Pacific region; all the rest are found in West-Pacific region; 14 species are common to Chinese coast and Pacific coast of Japan, of which, 5 species: Acteon teramachii Habe, A. kirai Habe, Punctacteon kajiyamai Habe, Bullina nobilis Hake, Obrussena moeshimaensis Habe are endemic to Chinese coast and Pacific coast of Japan.The Acteonidae fauna of China coast is tropical and subtropical in nature and closely related to that of southern Japan.