蛤仔提取物抗啮齿动物肿瘤实验

利用海产蛤类治疗肿瘤,我国古代早有记载。如《神农本草经》中写道:“文蛤主恶疮”,宋时的《卫济宝书》则有“癌疾初发,…宜下大车螯散取之”等记述,明朝的《本草纲目》述及“车螯”之肉可“治痈疽”,还提到淡菜(贻贝的干制品)能“治症瘕”。可见我国以海洋双壳类软体动物治疗肿瘤和包括肿瘤的疾病,由来已久。至今我国沿海渔民仍有流传以“海蛤”治癌的土方。当前,向大海要药已成为药物研究的新动向，我国和世界各国对于防治肿瘤的重视，在一定程度上促进了海洋抗癌药物的研究,并已取得了一些进展。就蛤类而言,自六十年代以来,李振翩(C.P.Li)等在指出贝类提取物具有抗病毒和抗菌作用之后，李、Schmeer和其他研究者先后报道了硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)提取物对啮齿动物肿瘤(包括白血病)的预防和抑制效应及其活性物质(Schmeer称之为“ Mercenene”,意即“蛤素”)的化学和生物学特性。Hegyeli观察到这种蛤提取物的活性随环境水温的变化而消长。近年,Liu和 Lippman等人相继探讨了硬壳蛤肝脏提取物的抑瘤活性。此外，蛤类其他种也有人进行了抑瘤试验。但是,迄今尚未见有其临床观察的报道。“古为今用,洋为中用”。为了寻求发掘、利用我国海洋药源的途径,我们根据我国古代的记载与民间流传的经验,以及国外文献的线索和生物生态现象的启示,自1970年起进行了30多种海洋动、植物抗动物肿瘤的初步实验。本文报道的就是该项实验结果之一，文中叙述的蛤仔[Venerupis (Amygdala) philippinarun Adams et Reeve]是我国分布广产量高的一种普通海产品。本实验旨在初步探明蛤仔提取物的抑瘤活性,并试图为从海洋双壳类中寻找抗癌药物摸索一条可行的路子。通过实验,证实蛤仔提取物对啮齿动物移植性肿瘤生长具有一定的抑制效应,并观察到其抑制值的季节变化似与蛤仔的性腺发育周期或肝脏季节变化有关。由于发现提取物中存在着过敏原,因而用于临床尚有待深入探讨。

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF THE EXTRACT OF THE COMMON CLAM VENERUPIS (AMYGDALA) PHILIPPINARUM (ADAMS ET REEVE) ON THE EXPERIMENTAL TUMOR IN RODENTS

Marine bivalves had been recorded in China for its use as antitumor drugs ancient times. Folklore use of such a drug can be found even today in the fishing villages along the Chinese coast. The present study was condueted, employing modern scientific methods. to search for antitumor drugs from marine organisms in our seas.Pharmacological tests showed that the extract of the common edible clam Venerupis (Amygdala) philippinarum, often abundant in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, exhibited a certain inhibitory action against some experimental tumors in rodents. Its inhibitory value varies with the seasonal changes. Extract from specimens collected in April-June, 1972-1973, showed a higher inhibitory value than that collected in August-October of the same years. Of the eight groups of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tested, all prolonged the survival time by more than 50%, of which four groups by more than 100%, two groups over 200%. Of the five groups of hepatic carcinoma ascitie form tested, four groups showed a prolongation of over 50-100% in survival time. Higher inhibitory rates were also recorded for the two groups of both sarcoma 180 and hepatic cincinoma solid form tested, namely, >60% and >40% respectivily. The inhibitory value of the extract from materials collected in August-October was, however, considerably low.It is suggested that the seasonal change of inhibitory value is dependent on the physiological states of the clams, such as the periodical development of sexual gland and the seasonal change in liver.This extract was also found to have an inhibitory action in HeLa cell test.It should be emphasized, that there exists some allergen in the present extract. Further investigations are neeessary before the extract can be put into clinical trials.