中国海兔科的研究

海兔科(Aplysiidae)是一类有经济价值的后鳃软体动物。人们很早就了解了它的食用价值，许多地方的渔民都有食用这类动物的习惯，如南太平洋博腊博腊岛(Borabora I.)的居民常以Dolabella teremidi Rang作食品；社会群岛(Society Is.)和友爱羣岛(Friendly Is.)的居民喜爱生食海兔；在朝鲜也有熟食这类动物的习惯。 我国福建(厦门、东山)也有个别渔民捕食蓝斑背肛海兔Notarchus (Bursatella)leachii cirrosus Stimpson ， 但如食用过多则易引起头痛、眼睛失明等，严重时，甚至引起死亡。海兔卵群的干制品俗称“海粉”，在日本俗称“海素面＂。除供食用外，据说还可做医药用。福建厦门渔民养殖蓝斑背肛海兔已有上百年的历史；广东沿海渔民近年来也养殖黑斑海兔Aplysia (Varria) kurodai (Baba)生产“海粉”，销售于国内外各地。 对于我国海兔科的种类以往仅有一些零星记载，据我们所掌握的文献统计，记载分布我国的种类有：朱仲嘉报告1种；李国藩报导1种；张玺报告1种；张玺、齐钟彦报告了4种；蔡英亚报导1种；Sowerby报告的2个新种；Stimpson报告1个新种； Pilsbry报导4种；高桥定卫(Takahashi)报告1种；马场菊太郎(Baba)报告5种；Eales报告5种。在上述文献中，李国藩的Aplysia kuropdei (Baba)是Aplysia (Varria) kurodai Baba之误，Takahashi的Aplysia punctata (Cuvier)是Aplysia ( Varria) kurodai Baba的同物异名。Baba的Aplysia hirasei (Baba)是Aplysia ( Varria) oculifera Adams & Reeve 的同物异名。Baba 的Aplysia sibogae Bergh是Aplysia (Aplysia) juliana Quoy & Gaimard 的同物异名。Stimpson 的Notarchus cirrosus Stimpson，朱仲嘉的Notarchus (Bursatella) leachii leachii Blainvelle var. freeri (Griffin)，蔡英亚、张玺、齐钟彦等的Notarchus (Bursatella) leachii freeri(Griffin)，都是Notarchus (Bursatella) leachii cirrosus Stimpson的同物异名。Sowerby的Aplysia orientalis是Aplysia (Pruvotaplysia) parvula M?rch的同物异名。总结上述情况，报告过分布在我国的海兔种类实有5属、9种和1亚种。

A STUDY ON APLYSIDAE FROM CHINA COAST

Although many species of Sea-hares have been recorded from the China coast, this group has not yet been systematically investigated as have other major Molluscan groups This paper is a systematic study of 14 species and 3 subspecies of Sea-hares, belonging to 6 genera and 4 subfamilies of Aplysiidae. Of these, 7 species and 2 subspecies are recorded for the first time from the China Sea. The material for study was based on the collections made by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, along the China coasts.