月球探测中月面热环境影响的研究现状

在月球探测中,多光谱、热红外、被动微波辐射等探测技术被广泛应用于月表物质组分和物理特性的探测,也积累了大量探测数据。月球太阳辐照、月球表面温度、地球反照和内部热流等月面热环境的变化,改变了月表物质反射率、热发射率以及其他电磁学等基本性质,制约了探测数据的准确解译;同时,大幅度的太阳辐射强度和月面温度变化也直接威胁月面探测中巡视探测器和宇航员的安全。但是,目前月球表面热环境对探测活动的影响认识还比较欠缺,月面热环境的时空变化规律认识还不够充分,在实验研究不足的情况下对各种探测方式的影响缺乏系统的理解。结合月球探测的发展,进一步立足实验手段和探测结果,通过开展不同地形条件下月面太阳辐射和物理温度的时间变化和空间分布规律研究、探测数据与月面热环境参数时空匹配问题研究、建设具备类似物质组成和月面热环境特征的实验场地以及开展系统的热环境影响模拟实验研究,全面认识月面热环境参数的时空变化规律,探讨月面热环境对不同探测方式的影响将是月面热环境研究的重要内容。

Effect of Thermal Environment on Lunar Exploration: A Review

In lunar exploration, multispectral remote sensing, thermal infrared remote sensing, and passive microwave remote sensing are widely used to investigate the mineral component and physical property of lunar regolith. And lots of data is obtained by these techniques. Lunar solar irradiance, lunar surface-temperature, earthshine and internal heat flow may influence the reflectivity, thermal emissivity as well as other electromagnetic properties of the lunar regolith, which restricts the accurate interpretation of explored data. And the variations of solar irradiance and lunar surface temperature also threaten the safety of lunar rover and the health of astronauts in future lunar surface activity. However, the effect of thermal environment on lunar exploration activities is rarely studied, the temporal and spatial variation of the thermal environment on the lunar surface is insufficiently understood, and limited experimental researches do not allow us to evaluate the effect of different exploration methods. With the development of the lunar exploration, the experiment and detection need to be strengthened. By studying on temporal variation and spatial distribution of the surface solar radiation and the physical temperature in the different lunar topography, matching the explored data to the lunar surface thermal environment parameters , building experimental sites with similar material composition and lunar thermal environment, and carrying out systematic experimental study, the temporal and spatial change of lunar surface thermal environment parameter are comprehencedand the effect of lunar surface thermal environment on different explored methods are analyzed. All of these are important contents of the study of lunar environment in the coming years.