试论工业区工业企业成组布局的经济效果和最佳规模的确定

分析了工业区工业企业成组布局与分散布局相比较的经济效果,并采用年费用指标作为评价成组布局经济效果的基本指标。本文还分析了工业成组布局的经济效果与工业区规模之间的关系。本文以年费用最小为目标函数,以成组布局工业区的一些主要企业(基本企业)和与其相应的具有替代关系的分散布局企业(对比企业)为变量,建立了工业成组布局经济效果及最佳规模优化模型。

A DISCUSSION ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF THE LOCATION OF GROUPING FIRMSIN INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT AND THE DETERMINATION OF ITS BEST SIZE

Location of grouping firms in industrial district means rational agglomeration in a particular space of several firms which are connected with one another in supply of raw material, fuel, subsidiary material and semi-product or with close technical linkage, or located together simply aiming at full use of regional infrastructure. It comes from the objective need of mo-dern industry production. Now, in our country, more and more .industrial districts are constructed with this locational pattern. Thus, to analyze its economic effect and to determine its best size is an urgent problem posed before us. This paper made a qualitative discussion of this problem and gave a quantitative analysis by using a mathematical model. The economical effect of the location of grouping firms consists mainly of capital investment in construction of the district and operational expenditure in normal production. The author of this paper divided them into invariable and variable pans according as the investment or operational expenditure changed or not owing to grouping location, and made rather detailed discussion on the variable part. In full consideration of the influence of capital investment and operational expenditure on economical effect, the author adopted yearly expenditure target as the fundamental target in the estimation of the economic effect of grouping location of the firms. The formula is as follows: where Syear: yearly expenditure in the whole calculated period, i: location plan number, Kd, Ud: total investment and total yearly operational expenditure calculated to the basic year respectively. R: factor of the series value of quota The economic effect of the district in grouping location is in relation with the size of the district. In a certain limit, the economical effect grows with the expansion of the size, but beyond that limit, economical effect decreases with the expansion of the size, until it is equivalent to the economic effect of the individual location. We call this point of equivalent economic effect the critical point of the best size of grouping location. For the purpose of analyzing quantitatively the economic effect of grouping location and determining its retional size, this paper took the minimum yearly expenditure and the objective function, the main firms (basic firms) in the district of grouping location and the relevant firms in substituting relations with individual location (contrasting firms) as variables and constructed "a model of the economic effect of industrial grouping location and its best scale".