鱼饲料着色剂-甲壳类下脚料类胡萝卜素的提取技术

本文对近４０年来甲壳类下脚料中类胡萝卜素的提取技术进行了综述，其提取技术流程主要包括：１．下脚料预处理。下脚料研磨后经２ｍｍ筛网去除几丁质残渣，或研磨后直接提取；２．热醋酸、盐酸的直接去钙化或酸青贮（有机酸及无机酸）去钙化；３．添加蛋白酶进行水解；４．类胡萝卜素的油提取及化学提取。三个阶段批逆流加工法及有机溶剂（丙酮、己烷、石油醚）提取类胡萝卜素５．类胡萝卜素稳定性控制。在整个处理工艺的某阶段添加

TECHNIQUES OF EXTRACTING CAROTENOIDS FROM CRUSTACEAN WASTE FOR FISH PIGMENTATION ADDITIVES

The techniques of extracting carotenoids from crustacean waste in recent forty years are reviewed in this paper, the major extracting techniques in the technology includel. Pretreatments for waste are used. That is after milling crustacean waste, screening chitinous residues through 2mm mesh sieve or extracting carotenoids directly. 2. Decalcifying waste directly by hot acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, or decalcifying it by acid silage(organic acids and inorganic acids). 3. Filling various proteinases for hydrolysis. 4. Using vegetable oils or chemical reagents to extract carotenoids. The common methods are the 3-Stage Batch Counter-Current Process and extraction by organic reagents (acetone, hexane, petroleum ether). 5. Controlling carotenoids stability. Adding antioxidants (ethoxyquin) in one stage of the technology. By the above mentioned techniques, the recovery of carotenoids from crustacean waste is remackably improved.