Equatorial plasma bubbles studied using African slant total electron content observations |
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| Institution: | 1. Departmento de Geofísica y Meteorología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory, The “Abdus Salam” International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34014 Trieste, Italy;3. Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50127 Florence, Italy;1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics of ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic;2. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, United Kingdom;1. Department of ECE, KLEF, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur Dist, 522502 Andhra Pradesh, India;2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, KLEF, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur Dist, 522502 Andhra Pradesh, India;1. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India;2. Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, India;3. 3/78, Periyavilai, Pulippunam, Kanyakumari, India;4. Equatorial Geophysical Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Tirunelveli, India;5. MF Radar Facility, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Shivaji University Campus, Kolhapur, India;1. EMBRACE, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;2. STEL, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan;3. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil;1. Faculty of Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria;2. Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;3. School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan;1. Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria;2. Department of Physics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia;3. Department of Physics, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria;4. Department of Physical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria;1. Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380015, Gujarat, India;2. Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence (Navy), New Delhi, India |
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| Abstract: | Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are field-aligned depletions of F-region ionospheric plasma density that grow from irregularities caused by the generalized Rayleigh–Taylor instability mechanism in the postsunset equatorial sector. Although they have been studied for some decades, they continue to be an important subject of both experimental and theoretical investigations because of their effects on trans-ionospheric radio communications.In this work, calibrated data of slant total electron content (sTEC) taken every 10 min from EGNOS System Test Bed Brazzaville (Congo), Douala (Cameroon), Lome (Togo) and N’Djamena (Chad), and International GNSS Service Ascension Island, Malindi (Kenya), and Libreville (Gabon), stations are used to detect plasma bubbles in the African equatorial region during the first 6 months of 2004. To identify these irregularities, the trend of every curve of sTEC against time is subtracted from the original data. The size of the EPBs is estimated by measuring its amplitude in the de-trended time variation of sTEC. |
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