Pre-storm electron density enhancements at middle latitudes |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France;2. Institute of Atmospheric Physics of ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic;3. Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy;4. National Central University, Jungli City, Taiwan;1. West Department of IZMIRAN, 41 Pobeda Av., 236010 Kaliningrad, Russia;2. Geodynamics Research Laboratory, University of Warmia and Mazury, 1 Oczapowskiego st., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;1. Department of Space Physics, College of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China;2. Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;1. Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. Department of Space Physics, College of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China;3. Copernicus Gesellschaft e.V., 37081 Göttingen, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth''s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China;2. Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. Curtin University of Technology, Perth 6845, Australia;5. North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China |
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| Abstract: | Substantial increases of the F2 region peak electron density several hours to a day before the geomagnetic storm onset, the so-called pre-storm enhancements, belong to still not clear and hardly predictable features of the ionospheric disturbances. This paper presents analysis of the pre-storm enhancements observed at middle latitudes for 15 storms out of 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms of the period 1995–2005. All 15 events were accompanied by significant (>20%) increases of foF2 before the storm onset over European area. We focus on the longitudinal extent and height profile of the pre-storm enhancements, particularly on their effects on the F1 and E regions of the ionosphere. Possible origin of such enhancements is also partly discussed. We observe no systematic effect of pre-storm enhancements of foF2 in electron density profiles in the F1 region. The E region (foE) appears to be insensitive to pre-storm enhancements. We find the pre-storm enhancements to be confined to the F2 region. The longitudinal extent of the pre-storm enhancements seems to be 120–240° based on comparison of simultaneous foF2 measurements in Europe, northern USA, and Eastern Asia. |
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