黄海鱼类食物网的研究

于1985年3月—1986年10月和1988年5月间,对黄海海域40科69属80种鱼的食性及其相互关系进行了较系统地调查、分析。结果表明:1.黄海鱼类饵料分为4个生态类型;2.黄海鱼类摄食有明显的季节变化;3.黄海鱼类基本属于第二—第四营养级;4.日本鳀、脊尾褐虾、太平洋磷虾等优势饵料生物在黄海鱼类食物网中起着举足轻重的作用;5.黄海多数鱼类间的食物竞争关系基本是协调的。

STUDY ON FOOD WEB OF FHISHES IN THE YELLOW SEA

The study is based on the survey of fisheries ecosystem in the Yellow Sea from March 1985 to October 1986 and May 1988. By analysis of food composition, type of food habit, trophic level, food web and food competition of fishes belonging to 40 families, 69 genus, 80 species, we conclude;1. Feeding habit of fishes in the Yellow Sea may be separated into 4 types: 1) Plankto-phagic fishes represented by Stromateoides argenteus and Sardinops melanostictus, 2) Benthopha-gic fishes represented by Pleuronichthys cornutus and Enchelyopus elongatus, 3) Ichthyopha-gic fishes represented by Scomberomorus niphonius and Trichiurus haumela, 4) Omnivorous fishes represented by Pneumatophorus japonicus and Pseudosciaena polyactis.2. Fishes in the Yellow Sea have an obvious seasonal variation in feeding intensity. The highest feeding intensity of the majority fishes appears in Autumn, which is related to their breeding haibits of the dominatively warmtemperate species.3. Fishes in the Yellow Sea basically belong to the second to the fourth trophic level. The low carnivorous fishes (36 species, 2.0-2.8 class) feed mainly on plankton, larva of shrimp and crab. The middle carnivorous fishes (28 species, 2.9-3.4 class) feed mainly on benthos, fish and shrimp, amount to 28 species. The high carnivorous fishes (only 16 species, 3.5-4.0 class) feed mainly on fish, shrimp and other necton.4. In the Yellow Sea, organisms such as Engraulis japonica, Crangon affinis, Ammodytes personatus, Euphausia pacifica, etc. are almost exploited by all the carnivorous fishes. They are the key link for the middle and high carnivorous fishes with plankton playing a very important role in food web of fishes in the Yellow Sea.5. The food competition in the Yellow Sea is basically harmonious inspite of a certain food competition among a few fishes. It is impossible that the food condition will be deteriorated by food competition in the near future.