营养素对鱼类脂肪肝病变的影响

综述了营养性脂肪肝的病理特征与诱病因素，特别是饲料中脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物等主要营养素组配不平衡对鱼类脂肪肝病变的诱导作用。并对鱼类肝脏脂肪积累和转运的调节机制进行阐述，指出肝脏脂肪主要来自对饲料中脂肪的直接吸收以及饲料中过量蛋白质和糖类的转化合成，过多的脂肪累积于肝脏中则引起肝脏代谢紊乱。作为脂类载体，脂蛋白将脂肪转运出肝脏，然后再转运至其他组织中再利用或在脂肪组织中储存。介绍了高度不饱和脂肪酸、磷脂、胆碱、甜菜碱和肉碱等抗脂肪肝物质的作用途径和作用效果。最后指出通过平衡营养组成和调控肝脏中脂肪的来源与去路，可望实现对脂肪肝的预防和治疗。

Effect of Nutrient on the Fatty Liver Disease of Fish

The paper reviews the pathologic character and the induced factor of the fatty liver, especially the induction of the unbalanced main nutrients, including fat, protein and carbohydrate to the pathological changes of fatty liver of fish. It also expounds the mechanism of regulation for lipid accumulation and transportation in fish liver and points out that the liver lipid mainly comes from direct absorbing of lipid in the feed, and conversion and synthesis of excessive protein with carbohydrate in the feed and that the liver lipid piling up in the liver causes metabolic disorder of the liver. As a carrier of lipid, lipoprotein transports lipid from liver to other tissues for reuse or storage in the adipose tissue. The functioning paths and effects of anti-fatty liver materials, such as highly unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipid, choline, betaine, carnitine, etc., are introduced. Finally, the authors suggest that, by regulating the nutrient equilibrium and controlling the sources and transporting paths of lipid, it may be possible to prevent and cure the fatty liver.