沉积物中铁氧化物的定量方法及其在白垩纪大洋红层中的应用

赤铁矿和针铁矿是自然界中最稳定的两种铁氧化物，广泛存在于地球的各个圈层。很多沉积物的颜色都是由它们引起的，它们的形成和保存具有重要的环境指示意义。实验室中赤铁矿和针铁矿的表征和鉴定手段很多，但受其含量低、结晶差、颗粒细小难分离等因素的困扰以及某些测试方法自身的限制，能用于铁氧化物定量分析的方法很少。文中就常用的基于X射线衍射（XRD） 和漫反射光谱（DRS） 的铁氧化物定量方法进行了系统评价。在定性分析的基础上，采用基于XRD的K值法获得西藏床得剖面红色页岩中赤铁矿的含量为3.81％~8.11％，采用DRS与多元线性回归相结合的方法获得北大西洋ODP1049C孔12X岩芯段棕色层中赤铁矿和针铁矿的含量分别为0.13％~0.82％和0.22%~0.81％，橙色层中赤铁矿和针铁矿的含量分别为0.19%~0.46％和0.29%~0.67％。与其它分析结果的比较表明，这两种定量方法在白垩纪大洋红层中的应用是可行的。但在实际应用时，首先要通过XRD和DRS相结合来提高定性分析的准确性，然后通过综合分析铁氧化物的预判含量范围和结晶程度来选择合适的定量方法。

The Quantitative Analysis Methods for Iron Oxides in Sediment andTheir Application in Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds

Hematite and goethite are the most stable iron oxides in nature and widely present in different compartments of the globalsystem. They are responsible for the color origin of many types of sediment. In addition, the formation and preservation of hematite and goethite have been used to track palaeoenvironmental information. There are several approaches to characterizing and distinguishing hematite and goethite, but the quantifying of the concentrations of hematite and goethite in natural samples has been restricted by low concentration, relative poor crystalline and fine-grained as well as the limits of specific analysis methods used. In this paper, the most common quantitative methods of hematite and goethite, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), have been introduced. Based on the qualitative analysis of the Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs) samples, we used the K-value method to quantify the hematite contents in the red shale samples from the Chuangde section in Tibet and obtained the hematite contents ranging from 3.81% to 8.11%. Analysis using DRS with multiple linear regression was performed to obtain the absolute contents of iron oxides within Aptian-Albian cyclic oceanic red beds in ODP Hole 1049C 12X Core, North Atlantic. The results reveal that the brown beds contain 0.13~0.82% hematite and 0.22~0.81% goethite. The orange beds contain 0.19~0.46% hematite and 0.29~ 0.67% goethite. The comparison of the calculated results with the test data shows that both methods were feasible for the quantitative analysis of iron oxides in CORBs. In actual practice, the accuracy of qualitative analysis of iron oxides must firstly be improved by the combination of XRD with DRS and then the choosing of quantitative analysis method can be achieved through the comprehensive analysis of both the predicted contents and crystalline of iron oxides.