A second tephra isochron for the Younger Dryas period in northern Europe: The Abernethy Tephra |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom;2. Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom;1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK;2. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;3. Department of Geography, The University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;1. Department of Geography, University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;2. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;3. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Potsdam, Germany;4. Centre for Quaternary Research, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom;5. Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland;6. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, United Kingdom;1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK;2. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;3. Department of Geography, The University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;1. Centre for Quaternary Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;2. Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK;3. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Building C, 14473, Potsdam, Germany;4. Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, PO1 3HE, UK;5. Geography, University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;6. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University, Belfast, BT7 1 NN, Northern Ireland, UK;7. Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark;8. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;1. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 – Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, BIK-F, TSP6 Evolution and Climate, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany;3. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.3 – Chemistry and Physics of Earth Materials, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Strulugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;5. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, GEOMAR, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany;6. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Department of Environmental Resources and Geohazards, Kopernika 19, Torun 87-100, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Visible and non-visible (cryptotephra) volcanic ash layers are increasingly being used to underpin the chronology and high-precision correlation of sequences dating to the last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT). As the number of sediment records analysed for tephra content rises, and methodological developments permit the detection, extraction and chemical analysis of increasingly scantily represented glass shard concentrations, greater complexity in shard count profiles is revealed. Here we present new evidence from sites in Scotland, and review published evidence from sites elsewhere in NW Europe, that indicate complexity in the eruptive history of Katla volcano during the mid-Younger Dryas and Early Holocene. We propose evidence for a previously-overlooked tephra isochron, here named the Abernethy Tephra, which is consistently found to lie close to the Younger Dryas/Holocene transition. It has a major-element chemical composition indistinguishable from that of the Vedde Ash, which was erupted from the Katla volcano at 12,121 ± 114 cal a BP. The new data suggest that Katla may have erupted again between 11,720–11,230 cal a BP and the subsequent ash fall increases the potential to assess environmental response to Holocene warming across north and west Europe. |
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| Keywords: | Tephra Katla Younger Dryas Northern Europe Abernethy Tephra Vedde Ash Varve |
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