The detrital record of orogenesis: A review of approaches and techniques used in the Himalayan sedimentary basins |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People''s Republic of China;2. Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;3. Universitatea Bucuresti, Facultatea de Geologie Geofizica, Str. N. Balcescu Nr 1., Bucuresti 010041, Romania;4. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA;1. Laboratoire de géologie de Lyon, Terre, Planètes et Environnement, CNRS UMR 5276, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 2 rue Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;2. Laboratoire Magmas et volcans, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France;3. Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;2. Department of Earth and Ocean Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | The sediment archive, of material eroded from an active tectonic region and stored in adjacent basins, can provide a valuable record of hinterland tectonism especially when information in the source region itself is obscured by later metamorphism or removed by tectonism or erosion. Using the sediment record to document tectonism is a well established approach, but more recently there has been a burgeoning of the number of isotopic techniques which can be applied to detrital material, in particular single-grain analyses. Thus the scope for application of detrital studies to a number of different tectonic problems has widened considerably. In this review, the example of sediments eroded from the Himalayan orogen and preserved in the suture zone basin, foreland basin, remnant ocean basins and deep sea fans is used to illustrate the approach. Techniques as diverse as petrography, heavy mineral, XRF and Sr–Nd studies; single grain dating by Ar–Ar, U–Pb and fission track methodologies; and single grain Sm–Nd and Pb isotopic analyses, are described. The paper documents how the sediment record can be used to determine the thermal and tectonic evolution of the orogen, constrain mechanisms of continental deformation, exhumation rates and palaeodrainage. |
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