The penultimate deglaciation: High-resolution paleoceanographic evidence from a north–south transect along the eastern Nordic Seas |
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| Institution: | 1. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway;2. Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway;3. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l''Environnement, Unité de recherche mixte CEA/CNRS, Campus du CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bat 12, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France;4. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands;1. Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK;2. Department of Geology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;3. Geological Survey of Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;4. CAGE – Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate; Department of Geology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;5. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway;1. Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;2. Maki-nishi Junior High School, Niigata 953-0022, Japan;3. Abe Produce, Co., Ltd., Niigata 950-0912, Japan;4. Kosudo Junior High School, Niigata 956-0121, Japan;5. Shirakawa City Government, Shirakawa 961-8602, Japan;6. Unazuki Elementary School, Unazuki 938-0862, Japan;7. Matsuhama Junior High School, Kashiwazaki 945-0011, Japan;8. RaaX, Co., Ltd, Sapporo 065-0024, Japan;1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK;2. IFREMER, Marine Geosciences Unit, Brest, France;3. Department of Geography, Durham University, UK;1. Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway;2. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway;3. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;4. Department of Geology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA;5. Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;1. Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus OH-43210, USA;2. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany;3. Norwegian Polar Institute, Framsenteret, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9296 Tromsø, Norway;4. Academy of Sciences, Humanities, and Literature Mainz, Geschwister-Scholl-Straße 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany;5. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany;1. Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway;2. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany;3. Department of Geosciences (FB5), Klagenfurter Str. 4, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The penultimate termination has been studied with focus on oceanographic changes in the eastern Nordic Seas and the influence of these changes on the surrounding ice sheets and vice versa. Repeatedly, major changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) occurred during the studied interval. Times of strong overturning and increased heat transport northwards were of importance in triggering one minor and two major disintegration events. The two major disintegration events were separated by a deglacial pause, characterized by a strong AMOC. The same variability is seen throughout the eastern Nordic Seas, from the Faeroe–Shetland Channel in the south to the Fram Strait in the north. Some of the oceanographic changes occurring during the penultimate termination are comparable with changes seen through the last deglaciation. Reduced winter moisture flux and increased summer melting due to the present insolation forcing further amplified the rate of ice sheet disintegration. Calculated sea-level change through TII shows a mean change of 121 ± 4 m, 41 ± 16 m in the first step and 80 ± 13 m in the last step. |
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