Metabolic acceleration in animal ontogeny: An evolutionary perspective |
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| Institution: | 1. Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium;2. Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, Department of Theoretical Biology, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. INRA, Equipe Ecotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, UMR0985 Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, F35042 Rennes, France;4. Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, Department of Ecological Science, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Akvaplan-niva, Fram High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway;2. Department of Theoretical Biology, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands;1. MARETEC – Marine, Environment & Technology Center, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;3. Akvaplan-niva, Fram High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway;4. LEMAR, IRD, CNRS, UBO, Ifremer, Plouzané, France;5. Department of Theoretical Biology, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Acceleration of metabolism is defined as a long-term increase of respiration, that is faster than the typical trajectory during the life cycle of an individual, from embryo to adult. The Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model is used to quantify the typical trajectory. All DEB parameters were estimated for over 300 animal species from most large phyla and all chordate classes. The goodness of fit is generally excellent, including embryo development (embryo weight, respiration, amount of yolk). Although many species match predictions for metabolic rates, particular taxa, including all those with larval development, but also ones with less clear larval stages, deviated and have a lower metabolic rate as embryo, compared to late juvenile and adult stages: they accelerate their metabolism during the life cycle. Five different types of acceleration are identified, examples are given, and methods are presented to recognise these different types. Associated life history traits are discussed in an evolutionary and ecological context. Arguments are presented for why accelerating species have an extra slow start of metabolism and why parental care evolved in endotherms. |
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