Surface exposure dating of the Veliki vrh rock avalanche in Slovenia associated with the 1348 earthquake |
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| Institution: | 1. Aix-Marseille Université, CEREGE, CNRS UM 34, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France;2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), D-01314 Dresden, Germany;3. University of Ljubljana, Department of Geography, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;4. Geologische Bundesanstalt, A-1030 Wien, Austria;1. New Mexico Tech, Earth & Environmental Science Dept, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801, USA;2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;3. Department of Earth, Atmsopheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;4. Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada;1. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Potsdam, Germany;2. Beschleuniger-Massenspektrometrie und Isotopenforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany;3. Isotope Physics, University of Vienna, Austria;4. Institute of Geology, Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, National Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikistan;1. Universität Wien, Fakultät für Physik, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria;2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany;3. Technische Universität Berlin, Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany;4. Department of Nuclear Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia;1. Department of Hydrogeology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;2. Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Hoelderlinstrasse 12, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany;3. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 01328 Dresden, Germany;4. Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Water Resources, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman;5. Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;6. US Geological Survey, Mail Stop 431, Reston, VA 20192, USA;1. NAPC–Nuclear Data Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna, Austria;2. Atomstandard, Rosatom State Corporation, Moscow, Russia;3. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;4. Universidade de Santiago de Compostella, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, La Coruna, Spain;5. CEA Irfu, University Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;6. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;7. Contractor, NAPC–Nuclear Data Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna, Austria;8. Joint Research Centre - Geel, 2440 Geel, Belgium;9. Uppsala University, Lagerhyddsvagen, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden;10. Argonne National Laboratory, 1710 Avenida del Mundo, No. 1506, Coronado, CA 92118, USA;11. Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Over 30 samples from bedrock and boulders from the Veliki vrh rock avalanche have been collected for surface exposure dating. The limestone rocks have been radiochemically treated to isolate and determine long-lived 36Cl by accelerator mass spectrometry. It could be shown that the Veliki vrh rock avalanche from the Košuta Mountain (Slovenia) event can be very likely linked to one of the major historical earthquakes in Europe happening on the 25th of January 1348. Taken into account independently determined denudation rates, inherited 36Cl originating from pre-exposure at shallow depths (20–55 m) could be calculated. The high amount of inherited 36Cl, i.e. 17–46% of the total 36Cl, makes this site not suitable for a precise determination of the 36Cl production rate as it was originally anticipated. Veliki vrh is a “classic” rock avalanche of high velocity. The slope failed in the upper part with a translational slide predominantly along the bedding planes, whereas dynamic fragmentation is the cause for further crushing of the material and the long runout. |
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| Keywords: | Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) Exposure dating Accelerator mass spectrometry Earthquake Rock avalanche |
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