Surface displacements in Japan before the 11 March 2011 M9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan;2. National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei 106, Taiwan;3. Institute of Space Science, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan;4. Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan;5. Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;6. Department of Communication Engineering and Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics and Eng., UEC, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan;7. Research Station on Seismo-Electromagnetics, UEC, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan;8. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;9. Department of Real Estate and Built Environment, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan;10. Institute of Geophysics, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan;1. Department of Geology and Geography, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States;2. Department of Space Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States;3. Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States;4. Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany;1. Engineering and Surface Metrology Department, Precision Engineering Division, National Institute for Standards (NIS), Giza 12211-136, Egypt;2. End and Line Standards Metrology Department, Precision Engineering Division, National Institute for Standards (NIS), Giza 12211-136, Egyp;3. Taibah University, KSA;1. Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5;2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5;1. International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (wpi-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;2. Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK |
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| Abstract: | Daily resolution data retrieved from the 1243 ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in Japan are utilized to expose surface displacements before the destructive M9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (March 11, 2011). Variations in the residual GPS data, in which effects of the long-term plate movements, short-term noise and frequency-dependent variations have been removed through a band-pass filter via the Hilbert–Huang transform, are compared with parameters of the focal mechanism associated with the Tohoku-Oki earthquake for validation. Analytical results show that the southward movements, which were deduced from the residual displacements and agree with the strike of the rupture fault, became evident on the 65th day before the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. This observation suggests that the shear stress played an important role in the seismic incubation period. The westward movements, which are consistent with the angle of the maximum horizontal compressive stress, covered entire Japan and formed an impeded area (142°E, 42°N) about 75 km away from the epicenter on the 47th day prior to the earthquake. The horizontal displacements integrated with the vertical movements from the residual GPS data are very useful to construct comprehensive images in diagnosing the surface deformation from destructive earthquakes along the subduction zone. |
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| Keywords: | Surface displacements Global positioning system Hilbert–Huang transform Tohoku-Oki earthquake |
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