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Extreme wave parameters under North Atlantic extratropical cyclones
Institution:1. Leichtweiss-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse. 51a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;2. Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia;1. School of Science, University of Waikato, Hillcrest Rd, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand, 3216;2. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Gate 10 Silverdale Rd, Hillcrest, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand, 3216;1. CECO - Centro de Estudos de Geologia Costeira e Oceânica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. Instituto de Matemática and CECO - Centro de Estudos de Geologia Costeira e Oceânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. BCAM - Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda de Mazarredo 14, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain;4. Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental “IH Cantabria”, C/Isabel Torres 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;5. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
Abstract:A characterization of extreme wave parameters during extratropical cyclones in the Northern hemisphere is made from WAM wave model hindcasts. In February 2007 two extratropical storms were observed in the North Atlantic and the wave fields associated with them are modeled in this paper. Wave buoy and satellite altimetry data were used to validate the WAM hindcast results. The distribution of the Benjamin–Feir index (BFI), kurtosis and the ratio of maximum wave height to significant wave height (abnormality index) around the eye of the two extratropical cyclones is studied. It is found that under these conditions the BFI and kurtosis are significantly larger mainly in the fourth quadrant and also when the wind direction is aligned with the wave propagation direction. In these regions the probability of occurrence of abnormal waves is higher.
Keywords:Freak waves  Benjamin–Feir index  Extratropical cyclones  Wind waves  WAM  North Atlantic
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