塔里木--卡拉库姆地区的油气地质特征与区域地质演化

本文系统归纳总结与对比分析了塔里木盆地、北阿富汗-南塔吉克斯坦盆地和卡拉库姆盆地的油气地质特征，并在此基础上探讨了该地区古生代以来地质演化对盆地演化和油气地质特征的控制作用。塔里木盆地奠基在前南华系结晶基底之上，中亚两个盆地奠基在南天山洋闭合之后形成的前二叠系褶皱基底之上。塔里木盆地的盖层沉积明显受到了南侧“原特提斯（北昆仑）”、古特提斯和新特提斯的影响，由于北昆仑带向西尖灭于北帕米尔，中亚两个含油气盆地的中-新生界则主要受到南侧古特提斯和新特提斯的影响。中亚两个盆地的海陆交互相和礁灰岩相侏罗系向东到塔西南相变为陆相，这从烃源岩的角度决定了塔西南与中亚两个盆地中-新生界不同的含油气性。塔里木盆地中-新生界有利的油气生储盖组合主要存在于前陆盆地的陆相地层中，它与下伏古生界含油气层系的叠加作用提高了其油气潜力。

Petroleum Geology and Geological Evolution of the Tarim-Karakum and Adjacent Areas

The paper analyzes and compares the petroleum geological features of the Tarim basin with that of the northern Afghan-southern Tajikistan basin (Tajikistan basin) and the Karakum basin, and discusses the controls of their geological evolution on basin evolution and petroleum features. The Tarim basin is developed upon the pre-Nanhua crystalline basement, but both of the Tajikistan basin and the Karakum basin have developed upon the pre-Permian folded basement, which is formed after the close of the southern Tianshan Ocean. The cover of the Tarim basin is affected markedly by the Proto-Tethyan (northern Kunlun), Paleo-Tethyan and Neo-Tethyan located at the south of the Tarim basin. The Mesozoic-Cenozoic covers of the Tajikistan and Karakum basins are affected by the Paleo-Tethyan and Neo-Tethyan located at the their south sides, while the Proto-Tethyan disappears westwards in the northern Pamir. Marine-continental interbedded facies and reef limestone facies Jurassic System of the Tajikistan and Karakum basins transits eastwards into the continental facies in the southwest Tarim depression. Such facies change results in the different oil-gas potentials of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic earthem between Tarim and the two basins of the Middle Asia. The oil-gas potential of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic earthem of the Tarim basin is related to the continental strata deposited in the foreland basin, and such potential is improved because of the superposition on the underlying marine Paleozoic strata.