土地城镇化及相关问题研究综述

中国正经历着大规模的高速城镇化过程, 与人口城镇化相伴随的是土地的急速城镇化, 而关于“冒进土地城镇化”的提法和关注甚多但讲法不一。为了厘清土地城镇化的概念、内涵及度量方法, 本文回顾并评述了土地城镇化及其相关问题的研究进展, 对土地城镇化问题进行了再思考。现阶段中国土地城镇化不仅仅是农用地转换用途的非农化过程, 越来越被关注的是农村建设用地转变为城镇建设用地以及建设用地的效率提升。本文认为土地城镇化应为土地从非城镇状态向城镇状态转变的过程, 并提出以城镇建设用地与城乡建设用地的比值作为土地城镇化率的衡量指标。以此出发, 土地城镇化问题今后的研究重点包括:土地城镇化和人口城镇化的匹配研究、时空格局和驱动机制研究、城乡实体空间划分、城镇空间扩张研究和用地效率转变研究。

Review of Research on Land Urbanization and Related Studies

In the rapid urbanization process of China,urbanized land expands quickly at the same pace as urbanized population grows.Recent researches have been focused on land urbanization which considers the urbanization of land in current China as a reckless rash which is incompatibly faster than the urbanization of population and moreover,results in understandable inefficiency.To clarify the definition,the implication and the measurement of land urbanization,the authors have reviewed related literatures on urban expansion,urban sprawl,land use conversion,especially those in China;analyzed the reality and background of urbanization of land under the rural-urban dual land system in China;then developed the definition of land urbanization as the transition of land to construction land with urban attributes.The definition includes not only the commonly agreed transition of rural farmland to urban construction land,but also the transition of rural construction land to urban construction land,and the latter has been found to be increasingly significant for efficient land use.The definition describes the unique dual process under the dual land system more accurately and is measurably consistent with the implication of population urbanization in the similar dual population management system in China.Furthermore,the authors proposed the measurement of land urbanization as the ratio between urban construction land and the summation of rural and urban construction land,namely the so-called"rural-urban construction land".Based on this proposal,further researches could be conducted on the comparison between land and population changes in urbanization process,and other elements such as economic and social factors and transition of land use efficiency.