A study on river discharge and salinity variability in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Long Island Sound |
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| Authors: | Michael M Whitney |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China;2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;3. Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;1. Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Southampton, NY 11968, USA;2. NOAA – National Ocean Service, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA;3. Universidad Mar del Plata, Miramar, 7607 Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Institute of Hydromechanics NAS of Ukraine, Zhelyabov str., Kiev 03680, Ukraine;2. Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the RAS, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow 119526, Russia;1. Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Casilla 160-C, código postal: 4070043, Concepción, Chile;2. Centro COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Casilla 160-C, código postal: 4070043, Concepción, Chile;3. Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;4. Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile;5. Programa de Postgrado en Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile;1. Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Finland;2. Environmental and Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Finland;3. Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Finland;4. Natural Resources Institute Finland, Finland;5. Institute of Coastal Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden;1. Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, USA;2. Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, USA;3. Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA;4. Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA;5. Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, USA;6. Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, Davis, USA |
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| Abstract: | This study quantitatively characterizes annual, interannual, and decadal variability of Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) river discharges, MAB surface salinities, Long Island Sound (LIS) surface salinities, and LIS salinity stratification via wavelet analysis. Links among rivers, salinities, and standard climate indices are investigated through correlation analysis of the complete data records and low-pass time series (including periods greater than 1.5 years). All rivers and salinities analyzed have strong annual cycles that are distinguishable from random noise. All records have interannual power, but this variability is indistinguishable from the noise background. Some MAB rivers have significant multi-decadal power (near either 18-year or 26-year periods). Correlations are strong among MAB rivers, salinities at different shelf sections, and salinities at LIS stations. Negative correlations between MAB rivers and surface salinities account for a significant part of the observed variance: up to 29% for shelf salinities and 46% for LIS salinities. Shelf and estuary salinities are positively correlated; accounting for at most 61% of the variance. LIS salinity stratification is positively correlated with river discharge (up to 36% of the variance). Interannual variability exhibits similar statistical relationships with higher correlations. Average annual cycles indicate a 1–2-month sequential lag between peak river discharge, minimum estuary salinity, and minimum shelf salinity. Weak but significant correlations indicate a tendency for high discharge, low LIS salinity, and high LIS stratification to coincide with positive intervals of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index. |
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