Review of Methodologies for Offshore Wind Resource Assessment in European Seas |
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Authors: | A M Sempreviva R J Barthelmie S C Pryor |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,ISAC-CNR c/o CRATI, Zona Industriale Lamezia Terme,Lamezia Terme,Italy;2.Wind Energy Division, Ris? National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy,Technical University of Denmark,Roskilde,Denmark;3.Atmospheric Science Program, Department of Geography,Indiana University,Bloomington,USA;4.Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering and Electronics,The University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,Scotland, UK |
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Abstract: | The wind resource offshore is generally larger than at geographically nearby onshore sites, which can offset the higher installation,
operation and maintenance costs associated with offshore wind parks. Successful offshore wind energy development relies to
some extent on accurate prediction of wind resources, but since installing and operating a meteorological mast in situ is expensive, prospective sites must be carefully evaluated. Accordingly, one can conceptualize the wind resource assessment
process as a two-phase activity: (i) an evaluation of wind resources at the regional scale to locate promising wind farm sites and (ii) a site specific evaluation of wind climatology and vertical profiles of wind and atmospheric turbulence, in addition to
an assessment of historical and possibly future changes due to climate non-stationarity. Phase (i) of the process can involve use of in situ observations of opportunity derived from ships, lighthouses and buoys in conjunction with model tools and remote sensing
products. The reliability of such data sources has been extensively investigated in different national and European projects
especially in Northern Europe, and the results are summarized herein. Phase (ii) of the project often still requires in situ observations (which may or may not be supplemented with ground-based remote sensing technologies) and application of tools
to provide a climatological context for the resulting measurements. Current methodologies for undertaking these aspects of
the resource assessment are reviewed. |
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Keywords: | Wind energy Offshore Resources assessment European seas Wind mapping Wind climatology Atmospheric modelling In situ observations Remote sensing |
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