广州市医疗设施可达性模型中端点吸引的影响因素检验

引入出租车GPS数据对医疗设施端点特征指标、服务端特征指标、环境要素指标等进行检验,衡量这些指标对医疗设施端点吸引量和主要服务范围的影响作用。结果显示医疗服务利用符合距离衰减规律,1.5 km内人数最多,超过1.5 km,随距离增加出行人数逐渐减少;医疗设施吸引量受医院规模、所在地区人口数量的正向影响,主要服务范围受到所在地区人口数量的负向影响,其他指标影响不显著。

Endpoint Attractive Factors of Medical Facilities' Accessibility: Based on GPS Floating Car Data in Guangzhou

Health care is an important part of the public service. Scholars from human geography, medicine, public health, sociology and other fields pay wide attention to its accessibility studies. A variety of methods have been emplyed to measure health care accessibility, including the distance or time to the nearest medical facility, the ratio of supply to demand in a certain radius, the gravity model, the kernel density method, and two-step floating catchment method to measure the relationship between supply and demand in a region. Among the different methods mentioned above, the attractiveness of the facilities is one of its core elements, which is mainly related to the amount and scope of services. The impact factors are mainly related to hospital size, rank, service population, traffic accessibility and so on. The reasonableness of these assumptions mentioned above directly affects the reliability of the results, and it is important to test these hypotheses. Current testing methods and data acquisition are limited, which make such kind of researches exile. GPS data of floating car provide a solution to the problem. This article test the indicators commonly used in medical facilities’ accessibility by introducing GPS floating car data. The indicators include endpoint characteristics such as hospital rank, size, whether or not covered by medicare, characteristics of service endpoint such as population in service areas, and environmental factors such as the number of other medical facilities, population and road accessibility, etc. Results showed that hospital size and population within 1.5 km have positive effects on the amount of attraction of the hospital. Other indicators commonly used in the accessibility models, such as hospital rank, whether or not covered by medicare, population and high-need population in the main service radius, road accessibility and population in the surrounding area, and the number of competitors are not significant in this article. Population within 1.5km has negative effects on the main service radius. Other indicators have no significant effect in the test of this paper. Data in this paper is mainly from the GPS data of floating car. Other transportations like walking and public transit and so on are not studied in this paper. The test of the indicator is mainly the reflection of the floating car mode. Despite the limitations, the method and main conclusion of this paper which depend on mass data of GPS have positive significance on deepening the research on accessibility.