Stream water geochemistry from selected catchments on the Kola Peninsula (NW Russia) and in neighbouring areas of Finland and Norway: 2. Time-series |
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Authors: | Patrice de Caritat Clemens Reimann Matti Äyräs Heikki Niskavaara Viktor A Chekushin Vladimir A Pavlov |
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Institution: | (1) Geological Survey of Norway, Lade, N-7002, P.O. Box 3006, Trondheim, Norway;(2) Geological Survey of Finland, Lähtentie 2, P.O. Box 77, FIN-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland;(3) Central Kola Expedition, Fersman St. 26, 184200 Apatity, Russia |
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Abstract: | Stream water composition, measured weekly for 8–9 months in 1994 in three arctic catchments on and around the Kola Peninsula (Russia, Finland and Norway), is presented in the form of time-series. In all three catchments, snowmelt causes a major dilution of the stream water, as reflected by marked dips in electrical conductance. In the most polluted catchment (C2), the snowmelt flood (the major hydrological event at these latitudes) is reflected in the stream water by a pH dip and a pulse in technogenic heavy metals (Cu, Ni, etc.), Al and S. This results from melting of the snow laden with heavy metals and sulphate, and from leaching of the topsoil layer. In the most pristine catchment (C8), snowmelt causes no heavy metal pulse (remote location) but yields an increase in stream water Al (acidic lithology/overburden). In the intermediate catchment (C5), very subdued heavy metal and S increases are noticeable in the stream water, whilst its pH increases steadily until summer (basic lithology). Some elements (Cl, S) may be mobilised out of the snowpack before its complete thawing and reach the stream 1–2 weeks ahead of the heavy metals. The substrate (soil, overburden and bedrock) of a catchment controls to a large extent its ability to buffer acid inputs. |
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Keywords: | acid pulse Barents Region baseflow snow melt springtime flood time-series |
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