东北地区城市民生质量测度与空间分析

民生问题是当今中国政府和民众高度关注的热点问题,也是全面建成小康社会进程中需要迫切解决的关键科学问题。借鉴当代中国人的价值观结构,构建了民生质量评估指标体系,定量测度了东北地区34个地级市的民生质量指数,并采用ESDA和多元线性回归模型探讨其空间分异特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明：① 东北地区城市民生质量呈等级分布特征,且“两极分化”明显。② 经济实力、产业结构、城市化和地理邻近性对民生质量空间分异有重要影响。

Measurement and Spatial Analysis of Quality of Life of Urban Residents in Northeast China

The problem of people's quality of life (QOL) is the focus of today′s society and Chinese government, which needs to be tackled during the process of completing the establishment of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. In this article, we first review the existing QOL-related literature appeared in many areas such as sociology, philosophy and geography, and then we make 34 municipal districts of the prefecture-level cities in northeast China as our study object and build a comprehensive index system to measure the QOL index based on the structure of contemporary Chinese values. Finally, we adopt exploratory spatial data analysis and multivariable linear regression model to analyze the spatial variation and its driving factors of urban QOL in northeast China. The results are shown as follows. First, the urban QOL presents a hierarchical spatial structure; residents in cities located in the medium-south part of Liaoning province tend to have higher quality of life compared with other cities in Northeast China, and the residents′ QOL in cities of north Heilongjiang province are more likely to be low. Second, the “Polarization” of the urban QOL is obvious, the “hotspot” areas distribute to the middle part of the Songnen Plain as an intersectional shape of the direction of “North-south” and “West-east”, while the “coldspot” areas concentrate in the eastern and northern cities of Heilongjiang Province. Third, the results of multivariable linear regression indicate that economic capacity, industrial structure, urbanization and geographical proximity are key influencing factors of the spatial variation features, of which, economic capacity has deciding impact on the urban QOL in northeast China, the spatial pattern of the QOL is high anastomose to that of GDP per capita, that is, the more developed economy, the higher QOL. Since the “reform and opening up”, the fast transition of society and economy improves greatly the residents` income in China, however, the development model of emphasizing excessively economic growth has brought about series issues such as unfair allocation, differential rich and poor, degraded environment and bereaved happiness. As one of the most typical old industrial bases, the issues of the QOL is much more serious and urgent than that of other region in China, therefore, the local government should impel vigorously the reform of social security, education, reside and medical treatment so as to improve the rural QOL and reduce the regional gap .