中国乡村转型重构研究进展与展望——逻辑主线与内容框架

伴随快速城镇化,乡村地域正经历着经济社会发展方式转变为主导的人文过程,前瞻性地研究乡村转型发展过程格局、演进机理及空间优化重组研究意义重大。本文系统梳理乡村发展转型内涵、过程格局、驱动机制、类型模式、乡村空间重构、农村发展理论及农村空心化等系列成果研究进展,并进行简要研究评述。在此基础上,对中国乡村发展转型与重构的研究核心内容和逻辑主线加以凝练总结。未来乡村发展转型与重构研究应以人地关系地域系统理论为指导,以揭示不同地域类型区的乡村转型发展过程及演进机制为核心,以建构乡村空间优化重组理论和探究模式途径为目标,综合集成遥感与GIS、抽样调查和模型方法,重点研究不同典型地域的乡村转型发展的多尺度过程规律、地域类型、动力机制,深化乡村空间体系演化规律和优化重组的内外机制,及乡村社会文化网络、技术制度转型重组等方面的研究,进行乡村多维空间重组的情景模拟。结合典型案例实证研究,解构乡村多维空间重构理论与模式的成长机制与区域主导地理要素;比较分析典型模式的演化过程和要素互馈作用机制;探寻推进乡村良性转型发展及空间优化重组的地域模式和科学途径。

Research progress and prospect of rural transformation and reconstruction in China: paradigms and main content

Rural transformation is a leading human process accompanying urban-rural development and the transformation of economic development mode, under the background of rapid urbanization in the past few decades in China. In the study of rural transformation process, spatial reconstruction mechanism and optimal rural spatial reconstruction are of great significant. Using the theory of human-nature relationship in the territorial system, the process of rural transformation and interaction mechanism between this process and land use transformation should be analyzed in future studies to examine the mechanism of rural spatial reconstruction and the pattern of optimal spatial reorganization that affect the process of rural transformation. The integration of remote sensing and GIS and sampling survey and modeling methods should be used to: (1) analyze the process and dynamic patterns of rural transformation and its geographical types; (2) explore the collaborative mechanism between rural transformation and land use transformation; (3) establish models for optimal spatial reorganization that affects rural transformation; (4) identify typical patterns of rural transformation and land use allocation that affect rural spatial reconstruction indifferent functional types; and (5) systematically analyze the mechanism of different rural development patterns and the main regional geographical features. Combined with empirical studies, this research compares and analyzes typical development patterns in terms of the evolution process and interaction mechanism among various factors, to explore geographical patterns and methods for rural spatial reconstruction.