Compositions of glass in proximal tephras from eruptions in the Azores archipelago and their links with distal sites in Ireland |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Archaeology, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 10, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland;2. Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, Scotland, UK;1. Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK;2. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK;3. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada;4. Omagh Minerals Ltd, 56 Botera Upper Rd., Omagh, BT78 5LH, UK;5. Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78705, USA;1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK;2. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;3. Department of Geography, The University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;1. Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland;2. Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland;3. Department of Arctic Geology, The University Center in Svalbard, Svalbard and Jan Mayen;4. Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University, Sweden;1. School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;2. Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK;3. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;1. Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;2. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;3. Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;4. Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli-Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli, Italy;5. Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy;6. School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK;7. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli, Italy;8. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK;9. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell''Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy;10. Dipartimento di Fisica “E. R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy;11. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The Azores archipelago is one of the most active volcanic areas in the North Atlantic region, with approximately 30 eruptions during the last 600 years. The geochemical composition of associated tephra-derived glass is, however, not well characterized. This study presents major element compositions of glass shards from five major eruptives on the Azores: a trachybasaltic eruptive on the island of Faial (Capelinhos AD, 1957) and four explosive trachytic eruptives on the island of São Miguel (Fogo A c. 5600 cal yrs. BP, Sete Cidades c. AD 1440, Fogo AD 1563 and Furnas AD 1630). The major element compositions suggest that tephras from three active stratovolcanoes on São Miguel, Sete Cidades, Fogo and Furnas, can be distinguished from one another using bi-plots of FeOtot vs. TiO2 and FeOtot vs. CaO. Late Holocene tephras found on Ireland have previously been attributed to eruptions occurring on Jan Mayen but possess a strong geochemical similarity to proximal tephras from the Azores, especially those from the Furnas volcano. The similarity of the proximal tephras on São Miguel, especially Furnas AD 1563 and Furnas AD 1630 and distal tephras in Ireland is demonstrated by strong similarity coefficients (>0.95) and the closeness of major element composition. The dominant wind direction over the Azores is favourable for tephra dispersal to western Europe and we suggest that at least three tephras found in Ireland were erupted from the Furnas volcano, and that trachytic tephras erupted from explosive eruptions on São Miguel have a potential to contribute to the construction of a European-wide tephrostratigraphic framework. |
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| Keywords: | Azores archipelago São Miguel Faial EMPA Tephra Glass composition Ireland |
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