Mechanism for enhanced diffusivity in the deep-sea perpetual salt fountain |
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Authors: | Xinrong Zhang Shigenao Maruyama Koutaro Tsubaki Seigo Sakai Masud Behnia |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;(2) Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;(3) Office of the Dean of Graduate Studies, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia |
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Abstract: | The mechanism of enhanced diffusivity occurring in the deep-sea perpetual salt fountain has been investigated experimentally and numerically. Some factors which possibly contribute to the enhanced diffusivity were found to be the pipe oscillation with ocean waves and its baffled wall surface. Field experiments in the ocean (Onagawa Bay of Miyagi, Japan) and numerical simulations were performed to study and confirm the dynamics of the flow and heat transport with enhanced diffusivity occurring in upwelling deep-sea water. The agreement between the field experimental data and the numerical solutions of an oscillating-wall boundary condition imposed on the baffled pipe is encouraging, and it indicates the baffled pipe surface subject to the oscillatory motion leads to the enhanced diffusivity. The buoyancy force and then upwelling velocity can be greatly increased by the enhanced diffusivity. The dominant mechanism is the occurrence of complicated vortices and vortex shedding leading to efficient mixing and enhanced diffusion. |
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Keywords: | Deep water upwelling perpetual salt fountain turbulent diffusion tracer Pacific Ocean |
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