Geochemical variations of major,trace, rare earth elements in some Gondwana and Eocene coals of India with a comparison of their germanium,lithium, and mercury content |
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| Institution: | 1. Geology & Isotope Geology Division, Geological Survey of India, 15 A & B Kyd Street, Kolkata 700016, India;2. Central Chemical Laboratory, Geological Survey of India, 15 A & B Kyd Street, Kolkata 700016, India;1. University of Wrocław, Institute of Geological Sciences, Department of General Hydrogeology, Cybulskiego Street 32, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland;2. University of Wrocław, Institute of Geological Sciences, Department of Applied Geology, Geochemistry and Environment Management, Cybulskiego Street 30, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland;1. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China;2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;4. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China;5. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;1. Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India;2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India;3. Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India;1. Laboratório de Estudos Tectônicos (LESTE), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, MGT 367, Km 583, n° 5000 Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000. Brazil;1. EXPEC Advanced Research Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia;2. SA Reservoir Management Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia;1. Planetary Chemistry Laboratory, Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA;2. Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center/HX5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA |
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| Abstract: | The geochemistry of major, trace, rare earth elements (REEs), with special reference to Ge, Li, and Hg in selected Gondwana and Eocene coals, has been studied. Major oxide and trace element ratios have been utilised to compare the tectonic setting, provenance of source rocks, and paleoweathering conditions that prevailed the during formation of these coals. The Gondwana coals have a higher mean mercury and ash content (244.5 μg/kg and 17.2 %, respectively) than the Eocene coals (142.1 μg/kg, 8.9 % respectively). The major oxides, SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3, in Gondwana and Eocene coals, are enriched relative to the upper continental crust (UCC), Chinese and American coals. The UCC normalized trace element concentration coefficients of the Gondwana and Eocene coals show enrichment in Ge, Se, Th, Co, Mo, Sn, W, and Li. The mean Ge and Li concentrations (mg/kg) in Gondwana (106.7, 154.7) and Eocene (120.0, 252.6) exceed the corresponding values in world coal (2.2, and 12). The Rajmahal coals have the highest mean Ge concentration (168.8 mg/kg) among the Gondwana coals while Eocene coals from East Jaintia Hills have the highest mean value (343.7 mg/kg). The Gondwana coals have a higher mean As concentration (3.5 mg/kg) in comparison to the Eocene coals (1.9 mg/kg). The mean of the rare earth elements in Gondwana (24.1 mg/kg) is higher than that in Eocene coals (11.3 mg/kg) and these values are less than the World coals (68.5 mg/kg). Both the Gondwana and Eocene coals are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs). However, among the Eocene coals, the Meghalayan coals show REE enrichment in comparison to Assam coals. Both the Gondwana and Eocene coals were formed in warm and humid climates under oxic conditions with moderate weathering of the source rocks. |
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