“Dedolomitization reactions” driven by anthropogenic activity on loessy sediments,SW Hungary

In the Szigetvár area, SW Hungary, shallow groundwaters draining upper Pleistocene loess and Holocene sediments are considerably contaminated by domestic effluents and leachates of farmland fertilizers. The loess contains calcite and dolomite, but gypsum was not recognized in these sediments. The anthropogenic inputs contain significant amounts of Ca and SO₄. The Ca from these anthropogenic inputs is promoting calcite growth, with concomitant consumption of carbonate alkalinity, undersaturation of the system with respect to dolomite, and dolomite dissolution; in brief, is driving “dedolomitization reactions”. Geochemical arguments supporting the occurrence of “dedolomitization reactions” in the area are provided by the results of mass balance and thermodynamic analyses. The mass balances predicted the weather sequence dolomite > calcite > plagioclase > K-feldspar, at odds with widely accepted sequences of weatherability where calcite is the first mineral in the weathering sequence. The exchange between calcite and dolomite can be a side effect of “dedolomitization reactions” because they cause precipitation of calcite. The thermodynamic prerequisites for “dedolomitization reactions” are satisfied by most local groundwaters (70%) since they are supersaturated (or in equilibrium) with respect to calcite, undersaturated (or in equilibrium) with respect to dolomite, and undersaturated with respect to gypsum. The Ca vs. SO₄ and Mg vs. SO₄ trends are also compatible with homologous trends resulting from “dedolomitization reactions”.