几种海洋弧菌的密度感应系统及其信号干扰

密度感应(quorun sensing，QS)是细菌通过感受种群密度的变化而控制特定基因表达的一种机制(Miller et al.,2001)。密度感应细菌可以产生和释放特定的化学信号分子,称为自诱导分子(autoinducer，AI)，其浓度随着细菌密度的增加而增加。当少量细菌分泌的自诱导分子进入环境后,由于其浓度太低而无法被细菌中的受体蛋白检测到；但是,当细菌达到一定密度后,自诱导分子的浓度超过一定的阈值.受体蛋白与自诱导分子结合,并将此信号传导到细胞内,特异性地调控特定基因的表达。迄今为止的研究表明,许多细菌都可分泌化学信号分子来协调种群的活动，这些化学信号的种类是多种多样的,而且同一种细菌可以利用多种化学信号和复杂的调节环路来进行通讯。细菌种内和种间的通讯对细菌的存活及与自然生境之间的相互作用至关重要(Miller et al.,2001) 迄今为止研究的密度感应系统主要可分为3类:一类以酰基高丝氨酸内脂(acylated homoserine lactoes，AHL)为自诱导分子,如:费氏弧菌(Vibrio fischeri);一类以多肽为自诱导分子,如:革兰氏阳性细菌;一类是以哈维氏弧菌(V. harveyi)为代表的密度感应系统。在系统中有3种类型的信号分子( Miller et al.2001; Defoirdt et al.2004,Henke et al,2004)作者将着重介绍与海洋弧菌的密度感应系统、信号干扰及其应用相关的研究成果,为今后进一步的研究提供依据。

QUORUM SENSING SYSTEMS OF MARINE VIBRIOS AND THEIR SIGNAL INTERFERENCE

Quorum Sensing is a mechanism in which bacteria coordinate the expression of certain genes in response to their poulation density.Many marine vibrios are important pathogens in aquaculture and many pathogenic vibrios are found to control the expression of virulence factors by quorum sensing system. The frequent use of antibiotics is leading to the rapid development of resistance,There is an urgent need to develop alternative ways to control infections caused by bacterial pathogens in aquaculture.Disruption of bacterial quorum sensing has been proposed as a new anti-infective strategy. This article summarize the quorum sensing systems in marine vibrios,the modes of signal interference and their potential applications in aquaculture.