生态治理技术适宜性评价影响因素及概念模型——以沙漠化治理技术为例

生态系统退化已是全球的主要环境问题,旨在恢复和重建生态系统的生态治理技术受到重视。在众多直接、间接的技术中,如何遴选最适宜的技术,目前仍缺乏系统、科学、完善的评价方法。根据对其他领域中有关技术评价理论、方法、要素等的梳理,以沙漠化治理技术涉及的多个影响因素为例,首次提出一般性生态治理技术适宜性评价概念模型——“双圈十二维”模型,包括两类十二个维度:(1)内生因素(内圈):限制性、独立性、经济性、可操作性;(2)外部因素(外圈):目标、地域、时效、政治政策制度、意识理念态度、社会经济、退化状况、机会成本。将该概念模型用于具体的生态治理技术适宜性评价时,可根据需要缩减影响因素数量,并需将影响因素具体化为可操作的指标。此外,技术的适宜性具有时空异质性。

Influencing factors and conceptual model for suitability evaluation of ecological control technologies: an example in desertification control

Ecosystem degradation has been a major global environmental problem. Ecological control technologies aimed at restoring and rebuilding ecosystems have received considerable attention. Among many direct and indirect technologies, there is still a lack of systematic, scientific and perfect evaluation methods on how to select the most appropriate technology. Based on the review of the theories, methods and elements of technology evaluation in other fields, and taking several factors involved in desertification control technology as an example, a general concept model of “12-dimensional double-circle” ecological control technology suitability evaluation is proposed for the first time, which includes twelve dimensions in two categories: (1) endogenous factors (internal circle): restrictive, independent, economic and operational ones; (2) external factors (outer circle): objectives, regions, timeliness, political system, ideology and attitude, social economy, degradation and opportunity cost. It is also pointed out that when the conceptual model is applied to the suitability evaluation of a specific ecological control technology, the number of influencing factors can be reduced according to the need, and the influencing factors need to be concretely translated into operable indicators. In addition, the suitability of technology has spatial-temporal heterogeneity.