Test of a simple two-layer parameterisation to simulate the energy balance and temperature of a snow pack |
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Authors: | H Koivusalo M Heikinheimo T Karvonen |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Water Resources, Helsinki University of Technology, HUT, Finland, FI;(2) Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, FI |
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Abstract: | Summary Reasonably simple yet realistic modelling schemes simulating the heat and mass balance within a snow pack are required to
provide the necessary boundary conditions for meteorological and hydrological models. An improvement to a one-layer snow energy
balance model (UEB, Tarboton etal., 1995) is proposed to better simulate snow surface and snow pack temperatures and, as a
result, snowmelt. The modified scheme is assessed against measured snow data from the WINTEX field campaign during spring
1997 in northern Finland, and compared with results from a complex multi-layer snow energy balance scheme. The results show
that separation of a one-layer representation into two snow layers and a soil layer enables a more realistic simulation of
soil and snow temperatures as well as of the snow surface temperature. The two-layer and the multi-layer snow schemes yielded
comparable results for internal processes in the snow whenever the simulation was carried out under similar boundary forcing.
The modified scheme is proposed for use as a sub-scheme in meteorological or hydrological models, or as a tool for simulating
spatially-variable snowmelt and the surface energy balance during seasonal snow cover.
Received November 18, 1999 Revised June 17, 2000 |
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