On the entrainment in cumuli — A contribution to a case study |
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Authors: | Ivana Nemešová Reviewer J Bednář |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of the Physics of the Atmosphere, Czechosl. Acad. Sci., Prague |
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Abstract: | Summary The case study presented here is related to the thermodynamic analysis of entrainment and mixing in a shallow cumuls layer. The fair weather situation on 9. 9. 1983, Voves, is characterized by a field of scattered cumuli of the same depths and by a towering isolated cumulus. The clouds were sampled. Two types of analysis were used, the Paluch analysis and saturation point analysis, both of them making use of conserved parameters and a mixing line structure. Both methods gave similar results. For the small cumuli, lateral entrainment prevailed up to the highest penetration level while in the isolated cumulus, cloud top entrainment was the dominant mixing mechanism.
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9. 9. 1983 ![Vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) a a m![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) u![zcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) m![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) n![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) a![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![yacy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1103.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) ![chcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1073.gif) a![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ¶rt;u a![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shchcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1097.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) mu u a![shcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1096.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1073.gif) a![zcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) u![zcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1079.gif) u![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) a![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) ![chcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1073.gif) a![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) . a![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1073.gif) a a ![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) u a u![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) n u n![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) u a![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ma. ![Bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1041.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) u n u![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ¶rt; a muna a a u a — a a u a![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) ![khcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1093.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) u a a u n u n![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) u m![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![chcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) a![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![shchcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1097.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) u ; ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) u ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) a u n![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1100.gif) ![zcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) m ![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tscy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) amu![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) na a![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) m![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) u n![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ¶rt;![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) m![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) m![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) u u ![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) ![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) u a u . ![Ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1054.gif) a ![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) m ¶rt;a ¶rt;a u n ¶rt;![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![zcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) mam . ![Dcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1044.gif) ![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) a![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) ![chcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1073.gif) a![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) n![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1073.gif) a¶rt;a![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ![bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![chcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) u ¶rt; a![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1075.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1099.gif) ![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) n![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) u![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) u , m ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) a u![zcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) u![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) a![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) ![chcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1073.gif) a![kcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1082.gif) ¶rt;![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) u u![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1091.gif) ![yucy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1102.gif) u ![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) a u![zcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1079.gif) ![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) ![mcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) u a u ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) a a![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![chcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) u ![chcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1088.gif) u![ncy](/content/v4k8v2ug246p1060/xxlarge1085.gif) .
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