居住形态分异视角下乡村聚落格局的演化机制

系统探究不同地域乡村聚落的演化机制是构建乡村聚落转型实践逻辑和理论体系的基础。居住形态是涵盖居住空间形态、生活形态和文化形态的综合概念,立足居住形态视角有望揭示乡村聚落格局演化机制及其地域差异的深层逻辑。本文遵循“现象描述—机制分析—典型区对比”的思路,以乡村聚落地域分异为切入点,从“人-地”和“人-人”关系视角探究了人类发展进程中乡村聚落格局演化的一般规律,据此构建居住形态的形成及其对乡村聚落格局演化的作用机制,并以散居和聚居形态主导的样区为对照进行实证研究。研究表明,居住形态是衍生于宏观乡村聚落格局演化过程的多尺度、多维性因子,二者均可从“人-地”关系和“人-人”关系双重视角进行阐释;居住文化形态具有较强的传承性,为乡村聚落格局演化提供了路径遵循和内生机制,乡村聚落格局可视为居住文化形态在乡村地域空间解译和扩散的结果;生产力进步与偶发性事件可导致居住形态发生变革,从而诱发乡村聚落格局演化机制的改变。面向乡村振兴战略,需重视居住形态的研究视角,系统探讨不同地域传统乡村聚落的运行机制、城镇化阶段的演化机制以及乡村振兴背景下治理策略的本质差异,为制定差异化的村落振兴方案提供参考。

Evolutionary mechanism of rural settlement patterns: A perspective of residential form differentiation

A systematic exploration on the evolution mechanism of rural settlement patterns in different regions is the foundation of guiding rural settlement reconstruction and constructing rural settlement transformation theory. Residential form is a comprehensive concept of residential space form, life form and cultural form. Based on the perspective of residential form, it would be helpful to reveal the underlying logic of the evolution mechanism of rural settlement patterns and their regional differences. Following the logic of 'phenomenon description - mechanism analysis - typical area comparison', this study takes the regional differences of rural settlement patterns as the breakthrough point, and attempts to explore the temporal and spatial differentiation of rural settlement patterns in different development stages from the perspectives of 'human-land' and 'human-human' relationships. The formation of residential form and its action mechanism on the evolution of traditional rural settlement patterns were constructed, and an empirical study was carried out based on the typical areas in Sichuan Basin and Jitai Basin of China. The research shows that, residential form is a multi-level and multi-dimensional factor derived from the macro evolution of rural settlement pattern, both of which can be interpreted from the dual perspectives of 'human-land' and 'human-human' relationship. The residential from has relatively strong continuity and stability compared to the rural settlement pattern. Particularly, the residential culture form provides fundamental path and endogenous mechanism for the evolution of rural settlement pattern. Rural settlement pattern can be deemed as the result of spatial interpretation and diffusion of residential culture forms in rural territory. Productivity improvements and accidental events could lead to substantial changes in residential forms, further inducing significant changes of the evolution mechanism of rural settlement pattern. Facing the rural revitalization strategy, it is recommended to pay more attention to the research perspective of residential form, to explore the operation mechanism of traditional rural settlements in different regions, their declining mechanisms and evolution paths induced by rapid urbanization, as well as the essential differences of rural settlement governance strategies under the background of rural revitalization. These researches would provide theoretical references for formulating the differentiated schemes of rural settlement revitalization.