基于“政策-潜力-意愿”整合视角的村庄分类研究

村庄分类作为乡村地区制定差异化发展政策的科学手段，是认识和明晰区域乡村振兴路径的重要抓手。论文基于乡村地域系统演化规律，综合考虑地方主观发展意愿，构建了一套基于“政策-潜力-意愿”整合视角的村庄分类框架，按照“政策影响?发展潜力+在地发展意愿”的逻辑思路逐级识别村庄类型，并以西峰区100个行政村作为案例区进行实证分析。结果表明：(1)通过梳理现有政策文件，识别出54个村庄的类型，这部分村庄特征相对显著；其余部分村庄通过“发展潜力-在地发展意愿”耦合分析，确定其发展类型；(2)村庄发展潜力与在地发展意愿不完全耦合，其中“高潜力-低意愿”及“低潜力-高意愿”各占39.13%和6.52%；(3)西峰区村庄最终分为就地城镇化类、集聚提升类、城郊融合类、特色保护类、整治改善类及搬迁撤并类等六种类型，论文据此提出相应的乡村振兴途径及措施建议。

A study on village classification based on the integrated perspective of "policy-potential-intention"

As a scientific means to formulate differentiated development policies in rural areas, village classification is an important starting point to understand and clarify the path of regional rural revitalization, and also an important measure to promote the strategy of rural revitalization and systematically solve the problems regarding agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Based on the evolution law of rural regional system and the comprehensive consideration of local subjective development intention, this paper constructs a village classification framework based on the integration perspective of "policy-potential-intention", identifies village types step by step according to the logical idea of "policy impact ? development potential + local development intention", and makes an empirical analysis with 100 administrative villages in Xifeng District as case areas. The results show that: (1) By combing the existing policy documents, 54 village types are identified. The characteristics of these villages are relatively significant, and five village types can be directly identified, namely, local urbanization, agglomeration and promotion, characteristic protection, suburban integration, relocation and withdrawal. The rest of the villages are generally at a low level of development in all aspects, but they have a large number and a wide range of areas, which is the focus and difficulty of rural revitalization. Clarifying the development and revitalization ways of these villages is an inevitable requirement for the continuous promotion of the rural revitalization strategy in the future. Through the coupling analysis of "development potential-local development intention", the development types of these villages can be determined and further identified as three types: consolidation and improvement, agglomeration and promotion, and relocation and withdrawal. (2) The development potential of villages is not completely coupled with local development intention, among which "high potential-low willingness" and "low potential-high willingness" account for 39.13% and 6.52%, respectively. Only through corresponding improvement measures can these villages have the possibility of further transformation and revitalization. (3) The villages in Xifeng District are finally divided into six types: local urbanization, cluster enhancement, suburban integration, characteristic protection, renovation and improvement, and relocation and withdrawal. Based on this, the paper puts forward corresponding ways and measures for rural revitalization.