多重流空间视角下的中国城市网络空间结构特征及组织模式

城市关系网络化是城市体系结构发展的重要趋势,不同要素流空间网络下的城市体系在空间组织上不尽相同,依托单一要素对网络进行表征的结果具有明显的局限性。本文基于企业联系、科研合作、人口迁徙和引力模拟四类要素网络,从城市节点、路径联系、社区特征等角度剖析多重流空间视角下中国城市网络的外部空间特征与差异,并探究城市间联系的内在模式规律。结果表明：(1)多维数据源视角下构建的多重城市网络在空间组织上表现出相似稳定性和多元差异性的统一。(2)一定程度上依赖于基础设施运转的人流、物流等网络受到地理距离的约束较大,相邻地区的小团体特征明显,社区结构较强;而资金流、信息流等实体性较弱的要素则突破了这种地理限制,发生联系的重点在于目标城市对于要素流的吸引力,社区结构较弱。(3)目前全国城市联系形态上具有层级性和扁平化的双重特征,据此本文基于“管道-蜂鸣”模型提出“社区蜂鸣-守门员-区域管道”城市空间组织模式,这一模式对于阐述中国的城市联系特征具有较好的适用性,可在全国识别出10个核心守门员城市和8个类型区。

The structural characteristics and spatial organization pattern of China's urban network based on the multiple flow

Networking of the relation among cities is a momentous trend in the development of urban system structure. The connection between cities is often the superposition of multiple elements rather than a single dimension. The urban system of the spatial network of different factor flows differs from each other in spatial organization. Furthermore, the network based on one single factor has obvious limitations so that it is necessary to make a comparative study on the differences of factor flows under the multi-city network. Therefore, this paper, on the basis of four element networks, which are enterprise connection, scientific research cooperation, population migration and gravity simulation, analyzes respectively the external spatial characteristics and disparities of China's urban networks under the perspective of multiple flow space, to be specific, urban node, path connection, community characteristics and etc; explores the internal pattern and law of inter-city connections; as well as attempts to advance proposals to optimize the development of China's urban system. The results reveal that: (1) The spatial organization of multi-city networks shows that the characteristic of similar stability with a “diamond+cross” spatial structure and a “core-node-edge” hierarchical structure, integrates with the characteristic of multiple diversity from the perspective of multi-dimensional data sources; (2) Mobility of population, circulation of materials and other networks that depended on the operation of infrastructure, to some certain extent, are greatly constrained by geographical distance and at the same time show obvious small group characteristics in adjacent areas and strong community structure. However, the less substantial elements such as capital flow and information flow break through this geographical restriction. The focus of the connection lies in the attraction of the target city to the element flow, and the community structure of this type appears to be weak. (3) At present, China's urban connection has the dual characteristics of hierarchy and flattening in form. Therefore, this paper proposes an urban connection model of the “community buzzer-gatekeeper-regional pipeline” model, compatible with the dual features of vertical structure and network structure, applying well for demonstrating the characteristics of China's urban connection, identifying 10 core gatekeeper cities and 8 types of regions in China. Among them, the goalkeeper city with special resources and regional advantages is the leader of the region, playing a key role in undertaking, transforming and spreading various resource elements. This paper aims to improve the theory of urban network and provide theoretical support for urban network development.