陕西榆林地区的脱贫对策与制度创新

榆林地区是中国西部的贫困地区之一,目前仍有400000贫困人口,脱贫任务还很艰巨。造成本区贫困的主要原因是生态系统脆弱,经济系统低效,社会文化系统落后和政策体制不合理。提出的脱贫对策是通过小流域综合治理控制水土流失,调整扶贫的优先秩序,降低人口增长速度,立足综合资源优势提高经济效益,建立公平合理的政策体系。制度创新的关键在于给予地方政府矿产资源的部分所有权,荒地的长期使用和经营管理权,以及重视地方和农民的利益

Countermeasures and institutional innovations for poverty alleviation in Yulin Prefecture of Shanxi Province

Yulin prefecture, which still has a population of 400 000 under poverty line by 1997, is one of the poorest areas in arid and semiarid lands of China. In this paper, the authors put forward the countermeasures for shaking off poverty and the viewpoints on institutional innovations of extinguishing poverty after analyzing the causes of poverty related to ecological vulnerability low efficiency of economic system, backward social and oultural system and irrational policy and institution in detail. The countermeasures are (1) to alleviate and control soil and water erosion by tackling small drainage areas in a comprehensive way; (2) to decrease the number of population and reduce natural increase rate of population by adjusting the priority objects of extinguishing poverty; (3) to heighten economic benefit by transforming industrial structure based on resource advantage; and (4) to improve policy and institutional system by insisting on equal rule. The institutional innovations comprise three aspects, which are (1) to bestow partial ownership of mineral resources on the local government to remove poverty radically, (2) to put all wastelands under farmer's control and corporations to stop tragedy of commons, and (3) to attach importance to local interests to quick the pace of extinguishing poverty.