三维地理信息系统（3D—GIS）的发展现状及趋势

地理信息系统技术已经被大量应用于资源管理，环境监测，城市规划，土地管理及交通，水利，林业等领域，但ＧＩＳ技术的发展还远没有止境。人们已经不满足于传统的二维ＧＩＳ软件平台，取而代之的是空间的，立体的三维ＧＩＳ。但由于３Ｄ－ＧＩＳ包括了第三个坐标以及从平面到立体的换算，所以增加了大量的存储量和额外的数据量，因而时至今日，真正的３Ｄ－ＧＩＳ软件还很少。本文一方面介绍了３Ｄ－ＧＩＳ的概念，特点以及发展现状

State of the Art of 3D GIS and Its Development Trend

Geographic Information System (GIS) have been widely applied to resource management, environmental monitoring, urban planning, and in other fields such as traffic, water conservation and forestry, etc. It is not, however, satisfied that a tradition two dimensional (2D) GIS platform cannot represent a three dimensional (3D) world. A 3D GIS is therefore desired. Due to the rapid increasing of data quantity when a 3D GIS considers the third dimension, which is usually taken as an attribute in a 2D GIS, as a true coordinate, there is very few true 3D GIS software on the market. In this paper, some basic concepts and the state of the art of a 3D GIS are summarized. In addition, some widely used foreign GIS tools with 3D functions are introduced. Finally the development trend of a 3D GIS is also predicated.