地基微波辐射计资料在降水分析中的应用

利用地基微波辐射计的观测资料研究了2016年8月昆明长水国际机场出现的两次不同性质雷暴过程在不同发展阶段的温湿参量分布和演变特征，结果表明：（1）天气尺度强迫下雷暴前40 min，温湿廓线表现为低层温度降低、水汽密度升高，雷暴结束后趋于稳定，该变化可反映对流活动的起止。而局地热力雷暴前8 h~40 min，低层温度持续升高，降水前半小时水汽密度迅速升高，反映出了大气层不稳定能量积蓄过程和对流爆发前的空中水汽变化。（2）积分水汽含量（IWV）和云内液态水路径（LWP）在降水前有明显的陡增。天气尺度强迫下雷暴降水期间，IWV和LWP随着温度的增减相互转化，低层的剧烈降温，加速了水汽凝结饱和到降落的转化，造成降水强度进一步增大，对应IWV减小，转化为LWP和地面降水。热力雷暴降水期间，温度均匀变化，IWV、LWP均匀增长，水汽转化量极小，IWV增量远高于实际降水量。（3）大气可降水量（PW）在两类降水过程前半小时显著上升，天气尺度强迫下雷暴降水前总增幅达14.6 mm，局地热力雷暴降水过程前PW均匀增长7.6 mm。

Performance and application of a multi-wavelength,ground-based microwave radiometer in intense convective weather

Based on the observation data of a ground-based microwave radiometer, the temperature and humidity distribution and evolution characteristics of two different thunderstorm events at different development stages at Kunming Changshui International Airport were studied. The conclusion are as follows. (1) 40 minutes before the thunderstorm forced by weather scale, the temperature and humidity profiles show that the low-level atmosphere temperature decreases but the water vapor density increases. They finally tend to be stable after the thunderstorm. This change can imply the start and end of convective activity. However, from 8 h to 40 min before the local thermal thunderstorm, the low temperature continued to rise and the water vapor density increases rapidly half an hour before the precipitation, which reflected the process of unstable energy accumulation in atmosphere and the changes in water vapor before the convection explosion. (2) The integrated water vapor content (IWV) and liquid water path (LWP) increase sharply before precipitation. During the thunderstorm precipitation at the weather scale, IWV and LWP transform into each other with the increase and decrease of temperature. The drastic cooling in the low layer accelerates the conversion of water vapor to condensates, resulting in a further increase in precipitation intensity, corresponding to the decrease in IWV, which is converted into LWP and surface precipitation. During thermal thunderstorm precipitation, the temperature changes uniformly, IWV and LWP increase uniformly, the amount of water vapor conversion is extremely small, and the increment of IWV is much higher than the actual precipitation. (3) Atmospheric precipitable water (PW) increased significantly half an hour before the two types of precipitation events. The total increase before the thunderstorm precipitation under the weather scale is 14.6 mm, and the PW increased evenly by 7.6 mm before the local thermal thunderstorm precipitation event.