地表热通量对陕南强降水的影响

基于通量观测、邻近自动气象观测站和ERA5-Land再分析数据，结合重庆西部暴雨个例，讨论了重庆山地通量观测资料的可靠性和适用性，并对通量观测在2019年度的不同时间尺度变化特征进行分析，结果如下：（1）通量站与邻近气象站有相似的气象背景，通量观测相对于ERA5-land再分析资料更能反映出地表感热和潜热通量在降水期间的时间演变情况，该数据是可靠的，通量站的降水量可以用邻近站点平均降水量代替。（2）三种通量及其增量与温度、相对湿度、风速和降水均呈现出不同的相关关系，其中动量通量与降水和风速为正相关；感热和潜热通量与温度、风速为正相关，与相对湿度为负相关；槽上站的潜热和感热通量的增量与局部降水为负相关，这些特征均表明通量观测可以用于该次暴雨研究中。（3）感热、潜热通量的季节和月变化特征表明在长时间尺度上，地面对大气主要表现为加热和蒸发作用，动量通量的季节变化特征表明春季湍流运动最强而秋季最弱；潜热和感热通量的日变化主要表现为单峰型，即白天以增温和蒸发为主，夜间以冷却和凝结为主；动量通量的日变化也以单峰型为主，即白天湍流活动较强，夜间相对较弱，只有金佛山站在春夏秋三季表现出双峰型，即在夜间也有会出现湍流活动增强的情况。

The Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)

Based on the flux observation, adjacent automatic meteorological observation and ERA5-Land reanalysis data for rainstorm cases in Western Chongqing, the reliability and applicability of flux observation over mountain areas in Chongqing are discussed. Additionally, the variation characteristics of fluxes in different time scales in 2019 are analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) Flux stations have similar meteorological background with the adjacent meteorological stations, and flux observations can better represent the temporal evolution of surface sensible heat and latent heat fluxes during precipitation than ERA5-land reanalysis data, indicating that the flux observations are reliable. The precipitation at flux stations can be replaced by the average precipitation at neighboring stations. (2) The three fluxes and their increments have different correlations with temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and precipitation. Momentum flux is positively correlated with precipitation and wind speed. The sensible and latent heat fluxes are positively correlated with temperature and wind speed, and negatively correlated with relative humidity. The increment of latent and sensible heat fluxes at Caoshang is negatively correlated with local precipitation. All these characteristics indicate that flux observations can be used in the study of this rainstorm. (3) The seasonal and monthly variations of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux indicate that the ground surface is mainly characterized by heating and evaporation in the long-term time scale. The seasonal variation of momentum flux indicates that the turbulent motion is the strongest in spring and the weakest in autumn. The diurnal variation of momentum flux is mainly unimodal, which indicates that the turbulence activity is stronger in the daytime and weaker at night. The diurnal variation of momentum flux at Jinfoshan shows a bimodal pattern in spring, summer and autumn, which indicates that the turbulence activity increases at night.