多波段多极化被动微波遥感地震应用研究进展与前沿方向探索

被动微波遥感卫星具有多波段多极化观测能力,其全天候、高灵敏度特性契合了地壳活动及地震的监测分析需求。近年来,地震孕育和发生过程中的热异常遥感监测与分析得到了广泛关注。本文从星载被动微波传感器发展和地震被动微波遥感应用两方面,梳理了多波段多极化被动微波卫星遥感用于地震监测与异常识别的研究现状,剖析了微波数据选择、异常分析方法、观测粗差剔除和信息机理认知等方面的进展与不足。总结了近年微波遥感地震应用的研究进展,阐明了多波段多极化被动微波卫星遥感用于地震异常识别的科学逻辑与复合链条。提出了地震遥感的两个前沿探索方向,即地震微波异常的可靠识别、地应力场变化微波遥感的信息物理。指出了遥感-岩石力学基础试验研究和地震遥感综合分析层面亟待解决的关键问题。进而呼吁,多学科联合、交叉乃至融合是地震遥感科学与技术向纵深发展的必由之路。

Progresses and possible frontiers in the study on seismic applications of multi-frequency and multi-polarization passive microwave remote sensing

Passive microwave remote sensing satellites are capable of observing the Earth surface in mode of multi-frequency and multi-polarization, and its all-weather and high sensitivity characteristics satisfy the requirements of monitoring on and analyzing to crustal activity and earthquake. In recent years, remote sensing monitoring and analysis of thermal anomalies in the process of earthquake preparation and occurrence have been widely concerned. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of multi-frequency and multi-polarized passive microwave satellite remote sensing for earthquake monitoring and seismic anomaly detection are reviewed in terms of the development of satellite-borne passive microwave sensors and the earthquake application of passive microwave remote sensing. The deficiencies and achievements of the selection of microwave radiation data, the method of abnormity analysis, the elimination of gross error, and the cognition of info-physics are discussed. The recent progresses of passive microwave remote sensing in seismicity research are summarized, and the scientific logic and synergic chain of passive microwave satellite remote sensing with multi-frequency and multi-polarization on seismic monitoring and anomaly identification are presented. Moreover, two possible frontiers of the interdisciplinary of remote sensing and geophysics, i.e., the reliable identification of seismic anomaly from microwave radiation and the embedded info-physics of microwave remote sensing on the alteration of crust stress field, are pointed out. The related critical issues on the fundamental laboratory experiment of remote sensing rock mechanics and the synergic analysis of seismic remote sensing, which need to be solved urgently, are discussed. Finally, the authors suggest that multidisciplinary union, intersection and fusion are indispensable for further deepening the development of science and technology of seismicity remote sensing.