我国峰林喀斯特的若干问题讨论

根据多年的实践经验并参考了大量的相关文献，系统地论述了我国峰林喀斯特概念的起源、命名、研究简史与研究现状；回顾了“峰林喀斯特同时态系统演化论”的内容与提出过程；阐述了峰林喀斯特的鉴别标准、形成条件，并提出了“喀斯特生成系统”的新概念。尽管峰林与峰丛喀斯特术语从上世纪70年代起便在学术界广泛使用，但到目前为止，其科学概念似乎还不够严谨。为此，在分析喀斯特系统形成基本条件的基础上，提出了从形态特征、生成条件、水文地质属性和分布与生成系统关系等多方面进行系统分析与综合识别的意见，并建议以“喀斯特生成系统”观来深化带有主观意识的“个体形态组合”。与此同时，就我国在峰林与峰丛喀斯特之间的生成关系及其演化认识上仍以Davis的循环论为主导的学术现状，提出了不同的看法，认为在多数情况下，峰林与峰丛是在不同空间与地域上由喀斯特能量（主要是降水）作用的方式（入渗、地面水流）、量级（强、弱）与效果（峰林方向或峰丛方向）分异的结果，二者多具生成系统关系。峰林与峰丛地貌的年青与年老，仅仅表现在形态上，而非在实际年龄上。

Discussions on Fenglin Karst in China

Depending on many years practical experience and massive related literature, the concept of fenglin karst was discussed systematically in this article, including its origination, nomenclature, brief study history and research situation, as well as its identification standard and formative condition; a new concept of "karst developed system" was put forwarded, and it was suggested that "the individual shape combination" should be deepened by this new concept; and finally the content and research process of the concept of fenglin karst contemporaneous system evolution was discussed regarding to Davis landform cycle theory. The basic concept of fenglin and fengcong was first described by Xu Xiake, the famous traveler of Ming Dynasty, when he investigated the Guangxi karst 372 years ago (in 1637), and then named officially by Prof. Zeng Zhaoxuan, the renowned geographer in China in 1952. The concept was used widely in the academic circle since the 1970s, but this terminology is not very preciseness so far. Therefore, analyzing the basic condition of karst formative system, the author proposed a new idea to identify fenglin and fengcong by their formation feature, formative condition, hydrogeological attribution and distribution as well as karst developed system. However, all things in the world exist systematically, and so does the karst formation and phenomenon; and the author suggested that the subjective consciousness of "individual shape combination" should be deepened by the objective concept of "karst developed system" (including unit system, confined system and macroscopic regional system and so on), in accordance with the analyzing and understanding method of karst landform relations and the basic features of karst types by means of "the karst individual shape combination" in vogue in China. In addition, it is worth paying attention that the relation between fenglin and fengcong karst as well as their evolution in China at present are still understood taking the Davis landform cycle theory as the leadership. A new concept of "contemporaneous system evolution of fenglin karst system" was proposed according to author's research of typical fenglin karst in Guilin. The new concept was first thought in 1980, exposed in 1988, and put forwarded comprehensively in 1991, and published in the book of China Karst in 1994. The theory of contemporaneous system evolution believed that fenglin and fengcong have their own unique developed condition respectively. Mostly, the two developed in different space and region and had differential result because of the different karst energy (mainly rainfall) way (infiltration, overland flow), the effect degree (strong, weak) and the effectiveness (fenglin or fengcong), and the two usually have developing system relations. Therefore, the young and old of fenglin and fengcong landforms display merely in the formation instead of in physical age.